William the Conqueror and The Harrying of the North

William the Conqueror and The Harrying of the North The Harrying of the North was a campaign of brutal violence carried out in the north of England by King William I of England, in an attempt to stamp his authority on the region. He had recently conquered the country, but the north had always had an independent streak and he wasnt the first monarch to have to quell it; he was, however, to be famed as one of the most brutal. A question remains though: was it as brutal as legend has it, and can documents reveal the truth? The Problem of the North In 1066, William the Conqueror seized the crown of England thanks to victory at the Battle of Hastings and a brief campaign which led to the public submission of the country. He consolidated his hold in a series of campaigns which were effective in the south. However, north England had always been a wilder, less centralized place – earls Morcar and Edwin, who fought in the 1066 campaigns on the Anglo-Saxon side, had one eye on northern autonomy. William’s initial attempts to establish his authority there, which included three journeys around with an army, castles built and garrisons left, had been undone by multiple rebellions- from English earls to lower ranks- and Danish invasions. The Harrying of the North William concluded that harsher measures were needed, and in 1069 he marched up again with an army. This time he engaged in a protracted campaign euphemistically known now as the Harrying of the North. In practice, this involved sending troops out to kill people, burn buildings and crops, smash tools, seize wealth and devastate large areas. Refugees fled north and south, from the killing and the resultant famine. More castles were built. The idea behind the slaughter was to show conclusively that William was in charge, and that there was no one else who could come and aid anyone thinking of rebelling. It was around the same time that William stopped trying to integrate his followers into the existing Anglo-Saxon power structure, and decided on a full-scale replacement of the old ruling class with a new, loyal, one, another act which he would be infamous for in the modern age. The level of damage is very heavily disputed. One chronicle states there were no villages left between York and Durham, and it’s possible large areas were left uninhabited. The Domesday Book, created in the mid-1080s, may still show traces of the damage in the large areas of ‘waste’ in the region. However, there are modern, competing theories which argue that, given just three months during winter, William’s forces could not have caused as much carnage as they’re normally accused, and might instead have been probing for known rebels in secluded places, and the result was more a rapier thrust than a smashing of any and everyone. William was criticized for his methods of controlling England, particularly by the Pope, and the Harrying of the North might have been the event these complaints were chiefly about. It’s worth noting that William was both a man capable of this cruelty, but also concerned about his judgment in the afterlife, which led him to richly endow the church because of events like the Harrying. Ultimately, we will never know how much damage was caused and how you read William was other events becomes important. Orderic Vitalis Perhaps the most famous account of the Harrying comes from Orderic Vitalis, who began: â€Å"Nowhere else had William shown such cruelty. Shamefully he succumbed to this vice, for he made no effort to restrain his fury and punished the innocent and the guilty. In his anger he commanded that all crops and herds, chattels and food of every kind should be bought together and burned to aches with consuming fire, so that the whole region north of the Humber might be stripped of all means of sustenance. In consequence so serious a scarcity was felt in England, and so terrible a famine fell upon the humble and defenceless populace, that more than 100,000 Christian folk of both sexes, young and old alike, perished of hunger.† - Huscroft, The Norman Conquest, p. 144. The death toll cited is exaggerated. He went on to say: â€Å"My narrative has frequently had occasions to praise William, but for this act which condemned the innocent and guilty alike to die by slow starvation I cannot commend him. For when I think of helpless children, young men in their prime of life, and hoary grey beards perishing alike of hunger, I am so moved to pity that I would rather lament the griefs and sufferings of the wretched people than make a vain attempt to flatter the perpetrator of such infamy.† Bates, William the Conqueror, p. 128.

Despite the rhetoric of employee engagement, organisations still want Essay - 1

Despite the rhetoric of employee engagement, organisations still want to exert tighter control - Essay Example Despite the positive results of employee engagement, the organisations exert tighter control on the employees so as to make them more disciplined and increase the productivity (Brief & Weiss 2002). Taylorism or scientific management aims at simplifying and optimizing the jobs so as to increase the productivity of the employees. The theory depicts that the employees and managers should cooperate so as to maintain a good relation (Parker 2005). According to Frederick Taylor, the workers are motivated by the money so they should be offered fair day’s pay and he also mentioned that if the workers failed to achieve the goal for the day he/she does not deserve to be paid as high as a productive worker. Taylorism highlighted efficiency and does not concentrate on the employee welfare. The theory detailed that few workers are efficient compared to other hence they should be motivated with higher incentives. The main purpose of the essay is to highlight the reason why organisations exert tighter control on the employees despite positive result of employee engagement in light of Taylorism. In the past few decades, employee engagement has gained prominence due to its successful results in organizations. A number of researchers are executed on this topic in order to understand whether it has helped in developing good relationship between employees and managers. According to Holbeche & Springett (2003), employee engagement is defined as the combination of different commitments, which are made by the employees to the organization; it also aims at adding value for assisting the colleagues. However, Schmidt (2004) has defined employee engagement as the relationship between satisfaction and commitment in job. Here, satisfaction refers to the emotional or attitudinal elements wherein, commitment indicates motivational and physical elements of the individuals. He

Building Engineering Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Building Engineering Services - Essay Example The nut is usually rotatably driven to achieve vertical movement. The details of different transportations systems are explained further. Elevators are mostly used to transport people, called passenger elevators. They can also be used to transport materials in which case they are called freight elevators. Whether the elevator is for people or for material, there are basically two types of systems. One is overhead suspended elevator and another is hydraulic elevator. Suspended elevator uses steel cables and electric motors. These usually travel fast and are therefore used for tall buildings. Hydraulic elevator is operated by a hydraulic piston which is situated in a chamber below the elevator cab. The piston moves in a rotatory motion about its pivot which in turn makes the cab traverse vertically. Elevator cabs move along vertical guide rails. For suspended elevators, an electric motor runs which lowers and raises the cab with the help of wired ropes. These ropes are designed to suit the capacity of the cab. It also has a flexible electric cable connected to it in order to provide lightning and also to facilitate button and door signals to be transmitted. The construction of both kinds of elevators requires considerable effort below the point of lowest entry to cab. If the elevator serves the lowest building level, then it requires considerable depth of excavation and construction below the basement of the building. Also, for every cab, corridors need to be planned in the building accordingly. For material carrying elevators, the corridors should be relatively big depending upon the usage. The elevator shaft must be vertically aligned to maintain constant pressure in all floors. The size and dimensions vary depending upon size of the cab and number of elevators. For small or single cab, the area may be only of the cab but for larger cabs and for multiple elevators, the lower floors need to have a larger base. The plan for operating single or multiple elevator cabs can be seen in the figure below: Escalators are moving stairs which serve the same purpose as an elevator. However, escalators provide a more uninterrupted service compared to elevator due to the waiting time for elevators. Escalator works on the principle of conveyer belts. The difference is that a pair of rotating chain loops pulls a series of stairs in a cycle instead of a flat surface. The most important part is to make sure the steps are always in level which the escalator moves. However, at the top and bottom, the steps become in one level making it easier to get on and off. Escalator also has hand rails which move along with the escalator. The hand rail is controlled by an electric motor which runs a rubber belt around a series of wheels. It is configured in a way that the hand rail moves with the same speed as the elevator. When not operating, escalators serve as stationery stairs; therefore their slopes are subject to same limits that exist for stairs. Thus the plan space required for an escalator begins with that required to achieve a stair for total height.

CRJ 422 Week 2 assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CRJ 422 Week 2 assignment - Essay Example The theory provides logical arguments that are systematic and provides specific, important causes of delinquency. The delinquency theories in the article are composed of propositions and concepts. The article further explores the use of research coupled with theories to unveil the causes and of delinquency. This provides a solid background in understanding juvenile delinquencies, which has been a problem in the society (Smith, 2008). In any contemporary jurisdiction, the best solution and preventions of social problems are significantly easy to find when the causes of such a problem are established. This article is anchored in such a philosophy, and has come up with several factors that influence the criminality among the juvenile delinquency. Such factors include drug influence, broken homes and low education among others. The articles describe how the factors that influence juvenile delinquency can be controlled and prevented. It delineates several critical and youthful measures that can be employed to achieve better results. Such include; wealth creation, enhancing parental responsibilities, education and training of the youths among others (John et al., 2013) . This article describes a significant transformation of juvenile delinquency in the courts of law. To promote a better understanding of handling the minor when they commit a crime, there should be juvenile courts instituted. The article describes the process of trying a minor in such court of law, how they get a competent attorney, and how they are helped through probation or per role basis. To promote all these, there should be enough staff from in the juvenile judicial system. The staff shall assist in maintaining the criminal justice as well as social justice in the community to avert juvenile delinquency. In USA, majority of young people agree to engage in some sorts of delinquent

Effects tillage system, fertilization and crop protection practices on Literature review

Effects tillage system, fertilization and crop protection practices on soil quality parameters - Literature review Example It participates in the C, N, P and S transformations and plays a significant task in the decomposition of xenobiotic organic compounds and the formation of the soil structure. Microbial biomass, C and N and their ratios to the total and light fraction C and N and pools in soils of the organic systems are higher in organic systems than in conventional systems due to the enhanced decomposition of the easily available pool of soil organic matter (SOM) with increasing microbial biomass levels. The higher levels of light fraction organic matter in organically managed soils are from plant residues and manure. The higher microbial biomass in organically managed soils indicates higher quality soil organic matter responsible to nutrient mineralization and short term storage of potentially leachable nutrients indicating comparative advantage of organically managed systems over conventional ones. ... Microbial biomass specific respiration gives the status of the substrate quality and availability in the soil (Insam et al., 1996). Microbial biomass is also used to check the improvement of degraded soils over time and serves as an early indicator of changes in the total organic matter in the soil. Long term cultivation leads to decreased levels of microbial biomass due to dwindled levels of microbial activity and soil organic C pools (Kocyigit, 2008). Higher levels of microbial biomass decrease specific respiration of micro organism, which shows that micro organisms living in low quality soils respond by increasing their specific respiration. 1.1.2 Soil Basal Respiration (SBR) Soil basal respiration is the constant rate of respiration in the soil caused by changes in organic matter levels. The rate of basal respiration in the soil indicates the amount and quality of the carbon source. Basal respiration can be used to analyze the potential of the soil biota to decompose both indigen ous and antropogenically introduced (Bloem et al., 2006). Soil respiration is a key process for carbon flux to the atmosphere. Soil water content, o2 concentration and the bioavailability of carbon are the main factors that regulate soil respiration (Bloem et al., 2006). Soil basal respiration indicates the level of microbial activity in the soil and is positively correlated with biomass activity. It involves the aerobic and anaerobic energy yielding processes where the reduced organic and inorganic compounds are utilized by microbial cells and serve as primary electron donors and oxidized compounds serve as terminal electron acceptors (Bloem et al., 2006). Processes in the soil such as fermentation and abiotic processes release co2. Water is

Economic Concept and Its Implications in Our Life Research Paper

Economic Concept and Its Implications in Our Life - Research Paper Example Economics is useful in each and every aspect of life. Economics mainly deals with choice and decision making. Understanding of economics concepts is helpful for our lives and existence in today’s world and to understand the functions of the business world. Here we will discuss the economic concept and its implications in our life. The law of demand defines that when the price of product rises and every other thing remains constant then the quantity demand of the product will fall. It means when the price rises then the quantity demanded declines. Every other remains constant is known as â€Å"Ceteris Paribus† assumption. It means that wealth; income, population, preferences and price of other goods are constant and remain the same. Shifts in Demand or change in demand happens at the time when any one of the components of demand changes other than the price. It can also be said as a shift in demand occurs when the situation is not ceteris paribus. The Law of Supply defin es that when the price of the product rises and every other thing is constant (Ceteris Paribas situation) then the quantity of product supplied will also increase. It means that when the price of the product is increasing then the quantity of supply of the product is also increasing. Shifts in Supply or changes in supply happen when any one of the components of the supply changes other than the price. It means when ceteris paribus doesn’t occur. The concept of demand and supply is also applicable to our daily life. For example- Rice is the staple food in most of the Asian countries.

Business HR Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business HR Research Paper - Essay Example The major findings of the research showed that the system of compensation of an organization determines the motivation of the employees towards their work and the skill of the employees of the organization. This illustrates that the productivity of an organization partly depends the compensation structure in the organization. The paper also has provisions on how to improve productivity of the human resource departments of organizations and the general organization in the form strategies concerning compensation structures revisions. Key words: skills, motivation, rewards Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Competitive compensation system 4 2.1 Objectives of competitive compensation structures 5 3 Effect of different compensation structures 5 3.1 Motivation 6 3.2 Strategies to incorporate in motivating employees 6 3.3 Skill set of the employees 7 3.4 Strategies for the increasing and retaining the numbers of skilled employees 7 4 Challenges of the compensation systems 8 5 Conclusion 9 1 Introd uction In the business world, compensation refers to all rewards that employees can earn in relation to the labor they provide. A good compensation system is an important aspect of a successful human resource management program, which is vital for the success of a management enterprise as a whole. The compensation may be in the form of direct financial compensation that is provided after regular intervals like wages and bonuses, indirect financial compensation that consists of financial rewards that are not part of the direct compensation, and non-financial compensation that deals with the work environment. However, the compensation should put into consideration the uniqueness of each employee. Compensation systems seek to create a rational method for the determination of the pay of employees in accordance with their performance in their respective jobs (Bhattacharya and Sengupta, 2009). This creates a feeling of equity among the human resource. The compensation in terms of wages is important in the determination of the maintenance of an organization’s human resource that implies the goal of developing a good compensation system attract, motivate, and retain a quality human resource department that will improve the company’s prosperity. 2 Competitive compensation system A competitive compensation system is a product of trying to attain external equity within a market. External equity is a situation where the pay rates for the employees of an organization are at least similar to the average pay rates in the market (Walker, 2004). If the compensation system of the organization is quite similar to the average compensation system in the market, the goals of developing compensation systems in terms of attracting, motivating and retaining employees are not achieved as they might seek the employ of similar organizations. This prompts employers to take steps enabling compensation of employees using rates that are necessary for the finding, keeping and mo tivation of an adequate qualified employee number. This creates a market compensation structure that is competitive with the employers seeking to provide the most attractive policies and rates (Walker, 2004). 2.1 Objectives of competitive compensation structures The competitive compensation structures of most organizations therefore have four basic objectives; To regularly measure