The Worst Storm in Canadian History

Ice storms, also referred to as glaze storms, cause considerable damage every year to trees in urban and natural areas. They vary considerably in their severity and frequency. Ice storms are result of the ice formation process, which is influenced by general weather patterns. Ice accumulates when super cooled rain freezes on contact with surfaces, such as tree branches, that are at or below the freezing point (0'C). This generally occurs when a winter warm front passes through an area after the ground-level temperature reaches or falls below freezing. Rain falls through layers of cooler air without freezing, becoming super cooled. Periodically, other climatic events, including stationary, occluded, and cold fronts, also result in ice storms. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the1998 ice storm. This paper features three main section: An introduction, the main body (damage to woodland), and finally, a conclusion. In the main body of this paper, the effect of fire and pest/disease is discussed in detail. In the conclusion, comparison is made between fire and pests/disease versus ice storm. By the end of this paper, one should gain a better understanding of the severity of the 1998 ice storm as well as other damaging agents that affect the woodland in eastern North America Ice storms are often winter's worst hazard. More slippery than snow, freezing rain or glaze is tough and tenacious, clinging to every object it touches. A little can be dangerous, a lot can be catastrophic. Ice storm in Northeastern America has been common but the 1998 ice storm was exceptional. Ice storms are a major hazard in all parts of Canada except the North, but are especially common from Ontario to Newfoundland. The severity of ice storms depends largely on the accumulation of ice, the duration of the event, and the location and extent of the area affected. Based on these criteria, Ice Storm'98 was the worst ever to hit Canada in recent memory. From January 5-10, 1998 the total water equivalent of precipitation, comprising mostly freezing rain and ice pellets and a bit of snow, exceeded 85 mm in Ottawa, 73 mm in Kingston, 108 in Cornwall and 100 mm in Montreal (Environmental Canada, Jan 12/1998). Previous major ice storms in the region, notably December 1986 in Ottawa and February 1961 in Montreal, deposited between 30 and 40 mm of ice – about half the thickness from the 1998 storm event! (Environmental Canada, Jan 12/1998). The extent of the area affected by the ice was enormous. Freezing precipitation is often described as â€Å"a line of† or â€Å"spotty occurrences of†. At the peak of the storm, the area of freezing precipitation extended from Muskoka and Kitchener in Ontario through eastern Ontario, western Quebec and the Eastern Townships to the Fundy coasts of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. What made the ice storm so unusual, though, was that it went on for so long. On average, Ottawa and Montreal receive freezing precipitation on 12 to 17 days a year. Each episode generally lasts for only a few hours at a time, for an annual average total between 45 to 65 hours. During Ice Storm'98, it did not rain continuously, however, the number of hours of freezing rain and drizzle was in excess of 80 – again nearly double the normal annual total. One of the most appealing features of Eastern Ontario is the extensive forest cover. This is made up of woodlands of varying structure. These woodlands, as well as natural fencerows, windbreaks, and plantations of pine and poplar, dominate the landscape. Icing impacts may best be understood by treating spatially larger scales, starting with individual trees, proceeding to stands, and finally to forest landscapes. Ice damage to trees can range from mere breakage of a few twigs, to bending stems to the ground, to moderate crown loss, to outright breakage of the trunk. In the 1998 Northeastern ice storm, icing lasted long enough that many trees which were bent over had their crowns glued to the snow surface by the ice in many instances for as long as 3 weeks. Some of those trees actually erect posture after release from the snow, while many others remain bent over after 2 years. The severity of damage is generally believed to be closely related to the severity of winds following the heaviest ice accumulations. Damage varies across a range of severity and subtlety: minor branch breakage; major branch loss; bending over of crowns; root damages; breakage of trunks and in some hardwoods, trunks can be split. Depending on the stand composition, the amount of ice accumulation, and the stand history, damage to stands can range from light and patchy to the total breakage of all mature stems. Complete flattening of stands occurred locally in the Northeaster 1998 storm. In response to more moderate damage, effects on stands could include: shifts in over story composition in favor of the most resistant trees; loss of stand growth until leaf area is restored; and loss of value of the growth due to staining or damage to stem form. The term landscape refers to a ‘group† or a ‘family† of trees. I use the term vaguely because the size and composition of landscapes differ from region to region. The degree of damage is typically highly skewed by area. For example, in the January 1998 Northeaster storm, 1,800,000 ha of damage in Quebec was assessed by the Ministry of Natural Resource: very severe 4.2%, severe 32.0%, moderate 29.9%, and slight/trace 33.9% (The Science of the Total Environment, Volume: 262, Issue: 3, November 15, 2000, pp. 231-242 ). The effects on entire forest landscapes are highly patchy and variable. They also depend significantly on how landowners respond to the damage. Disturbance caused by diseases, by themselves or in conjunction with disturbance by insects, abiotic factors such as drought, fire and wind, and, increasingly, human activities, has played a critical role in the dynamics of many forest ecosystems in North America. In the predominantly coniferous forests in western North America there are considerable areas undisturbed directly by human activities. In these areas, diseases kill trees or predispose them to other agents of disturbance, resulting in gradual change in stand composition and structure. In areas disturbed by forest management practices of harvesting or exclusion of fire, increased disease incidence and severity has increased the damage caused by disease, and consequently, the rate of change. In the absence of introduced diseases in the predominantly deciduous forests of the Appalachian region of eastern North America, forests are relatively healthy. Here, forests are disturbed significantly by disease only after they are disturbed or stressed by other agents, predominantly defoliating insects and drought. In the eastern montane coniferous forest, chronic wind damage is a major predisposing factor to disease. Past harvesting practices, introduced diseases and insects, and fire exclusion have in some instances resulted in large areas of similar species and relatively similar ages that exacerbate the magnitude and severity of disturbance by disease. Fire is predominantly a natural phenomenon that burns the forest vegetation, polluting the ozone and wiping out the biodiversity. One major distinction between ice storm and forest fire is the way disaster are caused. The majority of forest fire could arguably be a result of human action and ice storm as an ‘act of god,† an act that is out of human control. Foresters usually distinguish three types of forest fires: ground fires, which burn the humus layer of the forest floor but do not burn appreciably above the surface; surface fires, which burn forest undergrowth and surface litter; and crown fires, which advance through the tops of trees or shrubs. It is not uncommon for two or three types of fires to occur simultaneously. Forest management has been able to reduce the occurrence of this event but many forest fires are out of arm†s length. Humans cause the majority of forest fires. Campers that do not put out their bond fire or campers littering lit cigarette bud are responsible for such an action. Natural occurrence such as lightning could spark a forest fire but the probability is small compared to human action. The convention way of putting out or reducing the spread of forest fire has been airliners. These airliners are filled with gallons and galloons of water. With limited capacity, these airliners fly above the flame and deposit galloons of water. For the purpose of this paper, deforestation simply means the lost of trees where the lost of trees exceeds the level of sustainable development. One of the major effects of forest fire is the burning of carbon dioxide into our atmosphere. This eventually creates a greenhouse affect and global warming. The effect damages our ecosystem as well as reduces one of Canada†s precious natural resource. Many projects, both from government funding and corporate sponsors, have done a good job increasing the awareness and risk related to deforestation. Pests directly affect the quantity and quality of forest nursery seedlings and can indirectly cause losses by disrupting reforestation plans or reducing survival of out planted stock. The movement of infested stock can disseminate pests to new areas. Since control of nursery pests may be based on pesticide usage, pest outbreaks may lead to environmental contamination. Woodland damage caused by livestock is a well-documented, yet persistent, forest health problem. Soil compaction, root disturbance and trunk/root collar damage caused by livestock reduce the vigor of trees. This paves the way for armillaria root rot, borers and other opportunistic organisms. Livestock also destroy the forest under story (reproduction), which hastens soil erosion and limits the future productivity of the site. The resulting forest decline reduces the quality, value and longevity of current and future trees on the site. Eliminating livestock from woodlands is the first step toward a healthier, more productive forest. As mentioned earlier in this paper, ice storm is a natural phenomenon caused by nature whereas forest fire are a result of human actions and preventable. One of the major differences between fire and ice storm is the rate of damage. Forest fire has a direct impact on the woodlands by changing the diversity of the landscape. Forest fire wipes out an entire landscape of trees causing a release of carbon dioxide. This ‘in lieu† effect results in global warming as well as greenhouse effect. The release of carbon dioxide has a long-term effect to our ecosystem. Carbon dioxide is trapped in our ozone layer making airways less preamble. This trapping effect eventually radiates heat causing global warming. The long-term effect is hazardous and changes our biodiversity. Ice storm has very little affect to our ozone layer. Damage to woodlands as a result of ice storm is concentrated within that area. Ice storm does not spread like fire does so areas that have been hit by an ice storm affect woodlands Pests and disease slowly eroded the quantity as well as quality of woodland. Infected woodland slows the development of growth by eroding the soil limiting the production of trees. Pest control and good forest management could improve the quality and well as productivity in these areas. Pests and diseases cause a slow change in biodiversity. As the woodland become infested, animals feeding from leafs and branch find it less desirable, eventually leaving the area in search of more suitable woodland. Similarly, forest fire, pests and disease spread but at a much slower rate. These agents infect the trees, eventually penetrating the roots and moving on to the next host. As mentioned previous, ice storm does not spread, rather the effect stays within the area. To conclude, fire and pests/disease are similar in the way these agents spread and infect their host. The preceding sentence can be best thought of as a virus infected it†s host as an analogy. Fire spreads at a much faster rate than pests/disease and the impact are instant. Both of these agents have long-term effect, which does not work in our favor. Ice storm affects the area it hits and will not spread. Furthermore, ice storms are predictable whereas fire is not since the cause of fire is human mistake and is hard to predict. Ice storms are not preventable but human actions can be prevented. The potential of damage from fire is far more severe than that of ice storm. We must increase the awareness to ensure that our woodland remains healthy and protect our ecosystem.

Compare and Contrast of Hector and Achilles

Option B : Compare and contrast the characters of Hector and Achilles. I choose to compare and contrast the characters of Hector and Achilles because I am interested in their story. I think there are many theme in this story, but the central theme is the fate of men; if it is ? xed or changed by the will of men. I feel interesting that the gods decides the fate of people. And I choose this option because I feel that I can understand what the author wants to express to the readers by comparing Hector and Achilles.Therefore, I will compare the strengths and the weakness of both heroes. First of all, I will write about Hector. He was a Trojan prince and the greatest ? ghter for Troy in the Trojan War. He was born as a son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba. His father was the king of Troy. He had a wife called Andromache and the son, Astyanax. In the European Middle Ages, Hector was one of the Nine Worthies. And he was a good son, husband and father. Most of all, he loved the peace. He love d his country, his people, his family and wanted to die with honor.When he realized that Jove and his son Apollo are not with him for the protection anymore against Achilles, he says to himself â€Å" My doom has come upon me; let me not them die ingloriously and without a struggle, but let me ? rst do some great thing that shall be told among men hereafter. †. The gods decided not to protect him. That was the reason why Hector lost, but he wanted to ? ght against the strong Achilles. Therefore, I think Hector was the true soldier. I want to write about Achilles now. He was a hero and greatest warrior for Greek in the Trojan War.He was the son of the goddess Thetis and Peleus, the king of the Myrmidons. Achilles was a mortal person even though he was the son of a goddess. And he had the great pride that he was the strongest soldier, and he did not want to be under anybody. When the Agamemnon dishonored him, Achilles asked his goddess mother to go to Jove, then to ask Jove to help Troy, so that Agamemnon would be in trouble. Therefore, Achilles did not think about his country and his people. He only think about himself. So I think Achilles is not the person to be the king.Now I want to compare and contrast their strength and the weakness. First, I want to write about Hector’s strength. He was brave and courageous. He was the man who thought about his family, loved his family and thought his country and people. He wanted to die with honor. He went to Paris because he did not stand to hear bad things about Paris and said, â€Å"you ? ght bravely, and no man with any justice can make light of your doings in battle. But you are careless and willfully remiss. It grieves me to the heart to hear the ill that the Trojans speak about you, for they have suffered much on your account.Let us be going, and we will make things right hereafter, should Jove vouchsafe us to set the cup of our deliverance before ever-living gods of heaven in our own homes, when we have chased the Achaeans from Troy. † From this conversation, you can see that Hector thinks about his brother, thinks about the people of Troy, and is willing to push his brother to ? ght with honor. When he fought with Achilles, Hector escaped to ? ght him ? rst because he was afraid of Achilles. However, when he realized that the gods were not with him to ? ht Achilles, he decided to ? ght with honor until he died. Therefore, I think one of his strength is his brave heart. But Paris did not have the brave heart. Next, I want to write about Achilles’s strength. I think Achilles did not have many strength. I think the physical power from his goddess mother was the only strength he had. Even the king Agamemnon feared his strength. Hector was the greatest soldier in Troy, but even that greatest soldier run away from Achilles when Hector was standing in front of the gate of Troy.It says â€Å" Fear fell upon Hector as he beheld him, and he dared not stay longer where he was but ? ed in dismay from before the gates, which Achilles darted after him at his utmost speed. †. Then when Hector ? nally decided to ? ght with Achilles, Achilles killed him easily. Therefore, I think Achilles was the strongest worrier on earth. Next, I want to write about Hector’s weakness. I could not ? nd many weakness of Hector, however, the only weakness I could ? nd was that Hector did not know how strong he was. He thought that he could ? ht with Achilles, but when he met Achilles, he run away. He run away because he ? nally realized that he was not as strong as Achilles when he met the enemy at the gate. I think it is too late for him to realized that. Because of this weakness, he died. Therefore, Hector did not have many weakness, but the only weakness he had destroyed him. Next is the weakness of Achilles. I think Achilles had many weakness even though he was the greatest warrior on earth. I think Achilles was strong physically, but he was weak mentally. When Agamemnon took Briseis from Achilles,Achilles went to the sea and prayed to his mother such as, â€Å" Mother, you bore me doomed to live but for a little season; surely Jove, who thunders from Olympus, might have made that little glorious. It is not so. Agamemnon, son of Atreus, has done me dishonor, and has robbed me of my prize by force. †. He cried when he was saying it. This was not like the greatest warrior, but rather a small child’s doing. He liked to ? ght and liked to kill people. He was very good at killing people, but he did not have any respect to his king, his country and his people.When he killed Hector, he did something very dishonorable. Achilles treated the body of Hector with contumely. He pierced the sinews at the back of both his feet from heel to ancle and passed thongs of ox-hide through the slits he had made. He made the body fast to his chariot, letting the head trail upon the ground. Then Achilles lashed his horse on, and the dust rose f rom Hector as he was being dragged along. Thus was the head of Hector being dishonored in the dust. This is not something what the greatest warrior does. Again Achilles became so emotional that he acted like a child.Therefore, I think that Achilles is not a person to be a great king. If he becomes to be a king, his country and people will be destroyed. I do not want to live in his country. I think he has the extreme character. He was a supermen physically, but he was a little kid mentally. As the conclusion of the comparison between Hector and Achilles, Hector is more heroic than Achilles. I think that the hero is a person who think of his country and his people. After comparing the characters of Hector and Achilles, the person who thinks of his country and his people is Hector.Hector always thinks about his country, his people and his family. He loves his father, his mother, his brothers, his wife and his child. When Hector died, Paris’s wife, Helen, cried and said, â€Å" I have never heard one word of insult or unkindness from you. †. Helen was the person who was the cause of this war. I think it is dif? cult to be kind to Helen, but Hector was nice to her. That means Hector’s heart was so deep. And I think Hector will be the greatest king. I love to live in his country.

Analytical Support for Decision Making Self Reflection Essay

The analytical support for decision making course is really indeed touching every aspect from my daily job as a lead optimization engineer dealing with a huge drilling real time streaming data. In the past I have worked to prepare quarter review & annual report for our center. Honestly, it was consuming a lot of time to construct a valuable presentation that will impress the upper management. As of time being ASDM is a strong aid to be creative in utilizing, analyzing, projecting & illustrating for our daily data. Here I will highlight major subjects that I got so many benefits from: Data Gathering ASDM is a real guide to perform data analysis. It learns the first steps in how to gather data & how to deal with it. The good part in the assignment is the data was real and taken from World Bank website and the challenge is to identify the best data & find out ways to get the missing data by quantitative approaches. The lesson learned here is any data has to go through cleansing process to be worth for analysis & to reach trustful results. Surveys As we are seeing many surveys floating around in every single website or newspapers in the media, the real question is how trustful the results are. Now with ASDM approaches, it is easier to now that, to dig deep in the survey process. How the survey was done, whom were the sample, location and the time it was conducted. In addition to the right guide in how to do different types surveys & analyze the results for best decisions. Regression As regression deals with trends to find out the relationship level & criteria & help a lot in projection. In my daily work I’m dealing with many drilling trends, like the drilling rig hook load (HKL), surface torque while performing the drilling operation. My job is to identify the strong relationship between many drilling parameters & do a projection. Like for HKL & torque utilizing regression to find out the regression model in a specific formation will help us in identifying the normal / upnoraml trends prior drilling operation for better optimization & savings. In addition the regression will help a lot in the projection ahead to the final drilling target depth. MCDA Multi criteria decision analysis is the decision maker best tool to identify & take in consideration all the factors with relative to their weights & influence in the subject matter. Real life is chain of continuous MCDA has to be taken but differs in size & complication. Although, VISA software is a simple & light, it is superior software to include every single step & illustrate it with a nice & simple way. Personally we are running many projects that take in consideration several factors & MCDA is the best guide came at the right time.

Ethics in Public Administration Essay

â€Å"The aim of every political constitution is, or ought to be, first to obtain for rulers men who possess most wisdom to discern, and most virtue to pursue, the common good of the society; and in the next place, to take the most effectual precautions for keeping them virtuous whilst they continue to hold their public trust. The elective mode of obtaining rulers is the characteristic policy of republican government. The means relied on in this form of government for preventing their degeneracy are numerous and various. The most effectual one, is such a limitation of the term of appointments as will maintain a proper responsibility to the people.1† How does one maintain proper responsibility to the people? Public Administration is a major contributor to democratic life. Its success advances to the building and maintaining of public trust built in democracy2. One of the greatest obstacles a public administrator is faced with are political and personal responsibilities. Friedrich believes that political and personal responsibilities are acquired through reasoned communication based on scientific knowledge3, while Finer argues that strict obedience to political administration superiors are ones political and personal responsibilities4. Finer also questions if there is such thing as being overly educated, and if those that are highly educated being scared away from governmental positions, thus leaving sub par people to take those roles5. The thought is that if there were better personnel in government positions than there would be a better political system; therefore a more ethically inclined system. Eric Raile agrees with Friedrich’s approach of reasoned communication; being  educated on ethics through training, personal interactions, and perceived knowledge will influence perceptions of ethical climate6. An interesting discovery though was that work tenure actually lessened the perception. This thought process of education is considered to be public ethics. Public ethics is the belief that results are gained from experience from care-oriented tasks7. Experience compared with a person’s age to how long he/she has been in office. The government has two types of approaches to determine ethics through efficiency and performance versus legal and democratic values. These two approaches are the legalistic approach and the managerialistic approach. The legalistic approach is just that, based on law. It relies on law-based priorities and processes to balance discretionary innovation and accountability. The managerialistic approach relies on innovation and efficiency to balance discretionary innovation and accountability. Whistle-blowing is an area of ethics that is often the most intimidating. While an employee is supposed to be protected it is not often guaranteed. There is a huge risk for not only the employee who reports perceived unethical behavior, but also to the company involved. Since there is always a question of whether one should report unethical behavior it is also interesting to examine what makes a person choose whether or not to report those behaviors. One study revolved around auditors, but its conclusion shows how the findings can be applied to public administration: to determine the likelihood of a person to report unethical behavior one must examine that person’s professional commitment and the organizations commitment versus colleague commitment and moral intensity of the unethical behavior9. The findings in the study of the auditors showed that moral intensity relates to both; higher level of professional identity increases as the commitment to the organization provides mo tivation. Another study showed results for where an employee is likely to report these incidences to: executives of larger organizations showed a higher level of employees voicing concerns to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and external  whistle-blowing. Executives with union workers showed a higher level of employees voicing concerns to EEOC, the media, and external whistle-blowing. Executives in the manufacturing industry showed a higher level of employees voicing concerns to OSHA10. While the results are not one hundred percent, and further investigation needs to be done, this study showed that employees are more likely to voice concerns to outside parties, rather than internally. Bibliography: Barnett, Tim. (1992). â€Å"A Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship between Selected Organizational Characteristics and External Whistleblowing by Employees.† Journal of Business Ethics. 11. Brady, F. Neil. (2003). â€Å"’Publics’ Administration and the Ethics of Particularity.† Public Administration Review. 63. Christensen, Robert K., Holly T. Goerdel, and Sean Nicholson-Crotty. (2011). â€Å"Management, Law, and the Pursuit of the Public Good in Public Administration.† Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 21. Finer, Herman. (1936) â€Å"Better Government Personnel.† Political Science Quarterly. 51. Finer, Herman (1941). â€Å"Administrative Responsibility in Democratic Government.† Public Administration Review 1. Fredericksen, Patricia J. and Daniel Levin. (2004). â€Å"Accountability and the Use of Volunteer Officers in Public Safety Organizations.† Public Performance and Management Review. 27. Gobert , James and Maurice Punch. (2000). â€Å"Whistleblowers, the Pulic Interest, and the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998.† The Modern Law Review. 63. Goodsell, Charles T. (2006). â€Å"A New Vision for Public Administration.† Public Administration Review. 66. Grant, Ruth W. and Robert O. Keohane. (2005). â€Å"Accountability and Abuses of Power in World Politics.† The American Political Science Review. 99. Huang, Yi-Hui (2001). â€Å"Should a Public Relations Code of Ethics be Enforced?† Journal of Business Ethics. 31. Huddleston, Mark W. and Joseph C. Sands. (1995). â€Å"Enforcing Administrative Ethics.† Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 537. Jos, Philip H., Mark E. Tompkins, and Steven W. Hays. (1989). â€Å"In Praise of Difficult People: A Portrait of the Committed Whistleblower.† Public Administration Review. 49. Kettl, Donald F. (2009). â€Å"Administrative Accountability and the Rule of Law.† PS: P olitical Science and Politics. 42. Kim, Seok-Eun. (2005). â€Å"Balancing Competing Accountability Requirements: Challenges in Performance Improvement of the Nonprofit Human Services Agency.† Public Performance and Management Review. 29. Luo, Yadong. (2006). â€Å"Political Behavior, Social Responsibility, and Perceived Corruption: A Structuration Perspective.† Journal of International Business Studies. 37. Madison, James. (1788) â€Å"The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation.† New York Packet. The Federalist. McNamee, Michael John and Scott Fleming. (2007). â€Å"Ethics Audits and Corporate Governance: The Case of Public Sector Sports Organizations.† Journal of Business Ethics. 73. Plant, Jeremy F. (2011). â€Å"Carl J. Friedrich on Responsibility and Authority.† Public Administration Review. 71 Raile, Eric D. (2013). â€Å"Building Ethical Capital: Perceptions of Ethical Climate in the Public Sector.† Public Administration Review. 73. Rodgers, Robert and Nanette Rodg ers. (2000) â€Å"Defining the Boundaries of Public Administration: Undisciplined Mongrels versus Disciplined Purists.† Public Administration Review. 60. Sayre, Wallace S. (1948). â€Å"The Triumph of Techniques over Purpose.† Public Administration Review. 8. Shanahan, Kevin J. and Michael R. Hyman. (2003). â€Å"The Development of a Virtue Ethics Scale.† Journal of Business Ethics. 42. Smith, Robert W. (2003). â€Å" Enforcement or Ethical Capacity: Considering the Role of State Ethics Commissions at the Millennium.† Public Administration Review. 63. Smith, Rogers M. (2008).â€Å"Religious Rhetoric and the Ethics of Public Discourse: The Case of George W. Bush.† Political Theory. 36. Stensota, Helena Olofsdotter. (2010). â€Å"The Conditions of Care: Reframing the Debate about Public Sector Ethics.† Public Administration Review. 70. Taylor, Eileen Z. and Mary B. Curtis. (2010). â€Å"An Examination of the Layers of Workplace Influences in Ethical Judgments: Whistleblowing Likelihood and Perseverance in Public Accounting.† Journal of Business Ethics. 93. Thompson, Dennis F. (1985). â€Å"The Possibility of Administrative Ethics.† Public Administration Review. 45.

How Influential K-Pop is to Filipino Teenagers Essay

Acknowledgement This research would not have been finished without the help of the following  people: To the Researcher’s parents, Mr. Benjamin Tadeja and Mrs. Loreta Delos Santos, thank you for being a constant support. To the Researchers professor, Mrs. Bethany Marie Lumabi For giving advices and constantly correcting our errors in order to make this research a success. Most especially to Our Lord above, thank you for all the blessings you’ve passed our way. Chapter 1: Introduction â€Å"Music does bring people together. It allows us to experience the same emotions. People everywhere are the same in heart and spirit. No matter what language we speak, what color we are, the form of our politics or the expression of our love and our faith, music proves: We are the same.† -John Denver Music is a big part of everybody’s lives. It’s basically one of the things we do or listen to when we feel certain emotions such as happiness, sadness or even anger. Every country has their own music, its part of their culture whether it is used on religion or just plain entertainment. But for now, we will focus on a certain type of music that became one of the most influential music of today, Korean Music or simply K-Pop. In Rolling Stone Magazine, a magazine that focuses on music, popular culture and politics defined K-Pop as a mixture of trendy Western music and high-energy Japanese pop (J-Pop), which preys on listeners’ heads with repeated hooks, somet imes in English. It embraces genre fusion with both singing and rap, and emphasizes performance and strong visuals. (Rolling Stone) In Wikipedia, K-Pop Music was defined as a musical genre originating in South Korea that is characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements. Today, Korean Music became one of the most listened songs of teenagers around the world whether the language of a country or the language that is being sung in all K-Pop video is different, it doesn’t matter. But where did it all start? The history of Korean pop music is not very old. It can be traced back to 1885 when an American missionary, Henry Appenzeller started teaching American and British folk songs at a school. These songs were called changga in Korean, and they were typically based on a popular Western melody sung with Korean lyrics. The well-known song â€Å"Oh My Darling, Clementine† was for example known as â€Å"Simcheongga† (Wikepedia) In 1992, modern K-pop was ushered in with  the formation of Seo Taiji & Boys, whose successful experimentation with different music styles had sparked a paradigm shif t in the music industry of South Korea.. First gaining popularity in East Asia in the late 1990s, K-pop entered the Japanese music market towards the turn of the 21st century. In the late 2000s, it grew from a musical genre into a subculture among teenagers and young adults of East and Southeast Asia. Currently, the spread of K-pop to other regions of the world, via the Korean wave or Hallyu,, is seen in parts of Latin America, Northeast India, North Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and immigrant enclaves of the Western world. (Wikipilipinas.org) K-Pop was born in the Philippines indirectly through the Koreanovelas in 2003. The first Koreannovela was â€Å"Autumn in My Heart† (the first in Endless Love series) aired in GMA 7 to compete with ABS-CBN’s highest rating Chinese-novela, Meteor Garden. Through Endless Love starts the love of Filipinos to Korean Music, like one of endless love’s OST Winter Sonata, performed and remake by Faith Cuneta. During the same year, one of the first Korean music videos in the Philippines was aired on Myx, a local music channel. This is the music video of the Korean female group known as Kiss for their ballad, â€Å"Because I’m A Girl†. Not long after, the music video of Korean singer Mina for her first albu m’s carrier single, â€Å"Answer the Phone† also entered the local music scene. Eventually, in 2004, both of these songs were remade by Roxanne Barcelo in her debut album.’ Because I’m A Girl was made Filipino as Kung Alam Mo Lang, whereas Mina’s Answer the Phone was translated into English retaining its original title. Going back to the television, following the success of Endless Love came in Full House in 2005. Full House also starred the same actress from the first season of Endless Love, Song HyeKyo, who was paired with Korean singer-actor Rain. Rain’s debut in the local television paved way for K-Pop to be more known in the Philippines. Not long after the airing of the said series, his music videos such as I’m Coming and the more recent Love Story started to enter the charts of Myx and local FM stations. Because of the rise of Rain as a singer here in the Philippines, among other reasons, more Filipinos became interested in K-Pop; more Korean singers became known and loved like Girl’s Generation, BoA, and Super Junior. The Philippines is one of the countries which are greatly influenced by Korean Wave or Hallyu ( Alanzalon, 2011). The first Philippine K-pop convention was held in PICC last 2009 which was  attended by more than two thousand K-pop fans. By tapping into social networking services and the video sharing platform YouTube, the K-pop industry’s ability to secure a sizable overseas audience has facilitated a noticeable rise in the global proliferation of the genre. Since the mid-2000s, the K-pop music market has experienced double digit growth rates. In the first half of 2012, it grossed nearly US$3.4 billion and was recognized by Time magazine as â€Å"South Korea’s Greatest Export†. But in the midst of all the good things that K-Pop gained in the past years, there would always be a development of bad things, and as K-pop grew in popularity around the world, critics shows and find the bad things that Korean music brought to others whether it’s in people or in their culture. Throughout the years, the Korean pop culture has grown into popularity for many teenagers and adult s alike. In fact in many regions of Asia, notably China, and Japan and almost the entire region of South-East Asia, the popularity of K-Pop has become so extensive that authorities and nationalist fear that it is leading to a xenocentric preference for Korean styles and ideas. And today, we witness the gargantuan amount of K-Pop merchandise adorning the shelves of shops and hundreds of thousands of Filipino teenagers and other adolescent individuals spending a substantial amount of their money on buying such merchandise, purchasing their favorite stars/singers album and not to mention concert tickets, the cheapest are which are usually enough money to buy a high technology high phone or even more essential stuff that can be of used for example a K-Pop group called B1A4 sells their general admission tickets for 9450 pesos (SM Tickets). Why are these teenagers so willing to spend their so earned money or if they’re not working their parent’s hard earned money just for these K-Pop figures? What are the positive and negative impacts of being so captured by this phenomenon? Another problem arises like, how Korean music basically stole the interest of people on their own music; they forget patriotism, Music authorities here in the Philippines are getting worried for the increasing popularity of K-Pop, not only that the sales of Pinoy (P-pop) songs are decreasing, as years past, people started listening more to foreign songs and they don’t enjoy Filipino music anymore. People who like Korean music get addicted so much that they changed their lifestyle to be more incorporated to their k-pop idol. As a psychologist, I was curious as to why this problem arises? Is there an  effect to teenagers if they listen to such kind of music? This research aims to give information on the experiences of K-pop fans , to whom and where do they express their fandom, how do they express their fandom and what influenced their fandom. Statement of the Problem This study intends to determine the Influence of Korean music (K-Pop) to Flipino Teenagers. Specifically, this research intends to answer the following questions: Why do Filipino Teenagers like K-Pop? Why does Filipino Teenagers get addicted to K-Pop? How does Korean Music (K-Pop) influence Filipino Teenagers? How can Music Authorities influence Filipino Teenagers to patronize OPM? Objectives of the Study This Research intends to accomplish the following: To identify why Filipino Teenagers like K-Pop. To know why Filipino Teenagers get addicted to K-Pop To suggest some things that can be of used to promote Patriotism Scope and Limitation This research focused on how influential Korean music is to Filipino Teenagers. Also this study focuses only on K-Pop music and the respondents are Filipino Teenagers whose ages are 13 years old up to 19 years old only. This research uses only an informal survey. The maximum respondents are ten persons only and studies around Metro Manila. The respondents have the right not to say their name but the age must be specifically announced and also the suggestion on how they wanted to promote patriotism are purely opinionated. Definition of Terms Addiction: the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity. Changga- translated forms of American and British Folk songs in Korean lyrics Fandom- (consisting of fan [fanatic] plus the suffix -dom, as in kingdom) is a term used to refer to a subculture composed of fans characterized by a feeling of empathy and camaraderie with others who share a common interest. K-Pop- a musical genre originating in South Korea that is characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements. †¦ Koreanovela- k-drama for short, refers to televised dramas, in a miniseries format, produced in South Korea. Korean Wave- or Hallyu refers to the sudden increase in popularity of South Korean culture around the world Teenagers- a person aged from 13 to 19 years. Patriotism- cultural attachment to one’s homeland or devotion to one’s country, Xenocentric- refers to the preference for the products, styles, or ideas of someone else’s culture rather than of one’s own.

Connection between `Bartleby the Scrivener` and Wall Street

The main character, namely Bartleby has been portrayed by the author as a weird person who is also an outcast. He is an overwhelmingly dejected and friendless man, who seems absolutely not capable of finding work that will keep him happy. He does not even like living and life itself is very tiring for him.According to sources, the world in which the central character lives is that where a man works and earns till the time that he is dead. For a number of reasons he is considered an outcast. The person who he works for who remains unnamed in the story is a lawyer. He makes a number of attempts to connect with Bartleby but fails.In some way, he is able to have compassion for the eccentric scrivener, but he just cannot or will not help him. Since the beginning of the book, the explanation of Bartleby is arresting. He is portrayed as a person who has already faced death, and is portrayed just the way a person would explain a dead body or as one would illustrate a ghost. â€Å"Pale from indoors work, motionless, without any expression or evidence of human passion in him at all, he is a man already beaten. Even his famous statement of non-compliance, â€Å"I would prefer not to,† is an act of exhaustion rather than active defiance† (About Bartleby the Scrivener, 1999).Going on, the author mentions Bartleby’s fondness of staring at the wall in front of his office. Wall Street has been defined by the author as a lonely, gloomy landscape both totally not natural and hopelessly empty, which perhaps resembles the nature of Bartleby himself. As is said by the narrator of the story, Wall-street is a place that is deserted all the way through the day as well as the night. It is just empty. The building where he lives too, which of week-days bustles with business and life, at dusk echoes with utter vacancy, and the Sundays are just despondent.This is the place which is chosen by Bartleby as his home; solitary observer of a seclusion which he has seen all heavily populated—a genus of naive and malformed Marius menacing amid the carcass of â€Å"Carthage! I now recalled all the quiet mysteries which I had noted in the man. I remembered that he never spoke but to answer; that though at intervals he had considerable time to himself, yet I had never seen him reading—no, not even a newspaper; that for long periods he would stand looking out, at his pale window behind the screen, upon the dead brick wall† (Melville, 2004).Bartleby has created his own safe heaven at Wall Street. He lives there all the time, perhaps trying to ignore the world and its conformities at all costs. Without the defensive wall, Bartleby would have to face the world outside, and Wall Street saves him from meeting the expectations of the entire society and joining a world where he could survive only if he became what the society would have made him. He must either do the accepted thing or die. Since Bartleby cannot be conventional, he has no othe r choice but to die.As is said by reviewers, the character under consideration is perhaps the most secluded character ever seen in literature. The environment that he lives in has cut him off from nature as well as from other human beings. â€Å"By day, Bartleby's window stares at a wall. Wall Street is a bleak and unnatural landscape, and Bartleby also stays there at night, when the bustling human population vanishes and the streets become desolately empty† (About Bartleby the Scrivener, 1999). ConclusionIn the light of the above discussion we can hereby culminate that the connection between Bartleby and Wall Street is perhaps the loneliness and gloominess that they both share. Bibliography About Bartleby the Scrivener. (1999). Retrieved on December 19, 2006 from: http://www. gradesaver. com/classicnotes/titles/bartleby/about. html Bartleby the Scrivener. (2008). Retrieved on December 19, 2006 from: http://www. enotes. com/bartleby-scrivener Melville, Herman. (2004). Bartleb y the Scrivener: A story of Wall Street. United States of America. The Art of Novella. ISBN: 0974607800

Masters in Public Administration Personal Statement - 1

Masters in Public Administration - Personal Statement Example It was, and still is, a source of great joy to inspire these youths to give back to the community by working in homeless shelters and assist in goodwill. Aside from my work with the youth, I also served with the United States Military in different bases, including Fort Irwin, Fort Riley, and 29 Palms, for two years, prior to getting deployed to Afghanistan at the beginning of 2009. My experience in the war zone was such a life changing experience that when I came back, my immediate impulse was to return to school with a strong sense of determination to get my life back on track. Full of resolve, I transferred in a year in spring and graduated the following year after spring semester. I took a lot of units and still managed to get good grades and showed great improvement after my transfer. I have some background in the public service, including volunteer work in non-profit agencies. My work for a non-profit organization was in the juvenile hall of the City of San Rafael. I was a case manager for the youth court, and I participated in the rehabilitation of first-time misdemeanor offenders. My work with youth offenders has made me realize that there is much I could do that could make a difference in their future, although many of them are unaware of this. I felt that these young people may grow into adult offenders if people like myself did not intervene at this particular time to point them down a different path. Aside from my work with the youth, I also did community service for the Tri City Homeless Shelter, and on a separate occasion I also performed community service for Goodwill. Among the different areas of public administration, I am particularly interested in Public Management and I hope to concentrate in this field. I became interested in the administration of government and non-profit institutions because I had seen both positive and negative aspects

Case Study 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

2 - Case Study Example Segregation of tasks is required to evade obvious prospects for fraud and quality control (Zhang, 2012). First, for ideal internal control, the purchasing representative or agent should approve the payment nor receive the goods. If these tasks are not separated, an agent can purchase goods and have them transported to their home. Or a purchasing representative can spend so much on purchases, accept the payment, and divide the surplus with the supplier. To evade these issues, companies divide the following tasks among various workers: receiving goods, purchasing goods, and accepting and recompensing for goods (Zhang, 2012). In addition, no transaction should be administered without the specific or general approval of the management. The larger the transaction or deal, the more particular the approval it must have. After all, we are dealing with diamonds, not bolt and nuts. Companies effect most payments by EFT (electronic funds transfer) or check (Zhang, 2012). As we have witnessed, a company requires proper separation of tasks between operations and authorizing EFTs or writing checks for payment of cash. Payment by EFT or check is a crucial internal control, as below: Possible problem: The problem emerges in the absence of a chosen interim supervisor while Rachael is away. The senior executives are taking it on themselves to control while she is away, this seems to be creating performance problems at the architectural company (Fieldmann, 2014). Rachael should assign a high-ranking architect as the interim boss while she is out. The supervisor would be in charge of all the activities that take place in the firm till the return of Rachael. Equally, the other senior architects need to focus on generating architectural drawings. It is proven that the company does not operate well because two architects have self-assigned themselves as â€Å"in control,† but they neglect

The role of nuclear medicine and other imaging modalities in Article - 1

The role of nuclear medicine and other imaging modalities in hyperthyrodism - Article Example In clinical practice different hyperthyroid conditions such as Graves’ disease, hyperthyroid goiter, and other conditions such as toxic multinodular or nodular goitre need assessment of activity of the gland. In this review, contemporary literature has been reviewed to update current knowledge on this topic. This assignment reveals that radionuclide imaging is an important diagnostic modality in the workup of hyperthyroid disorders, but despite that, in some cases the diagnostic yield is better with ultrasonography or PET scanning. In some cases, combined use of these imaging investigations pinpoints the diagnosis in a more suitable manner. Review of these articles and the knowledge apparent may be used to frame a guideline of advice regarding imaging practice in this area. The thyroid gland produces two hormones, namely, thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These are known to play important physiological roles in the human body. Anatomically, the thyroid gland is located in the neck, in front of the trachea. It comprises of two lobes, right and left, connected by a narrow bridge of thyroid tissue, known as isthmus. It is a very highly vascular organ. The normal adult thyroid gland consists of follicles lined by thyroid follicular cells that contain large amount of thyroglobulin. This serves as the protein precursor of the thyroid hormones (Broome, 2006). Endocrinologically, increased need for thyroid hormone leads to a signal pathway mediated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) leading to release of active hormone from a bound state with thyroglobulin to a free state, eventually being secreted into the blood stream. When there is hypersecretion of thyroid hormones due to any cause, the condition is known as hyperthyroidism. Usually hyperthyroidis m is indicated by an elevated level of TSH. Therefore, in clinical practice the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism is made by finding an abnormally elevated TSH level which

Summary for Iraq Politics Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary for Iraq Politics Paper - Essay Example Issues of oil have also dominated international debates and Iraqi’s influence on the entire world economy. This paper seeks to assess the Iraqi situation in the past, present, and the future, in the light of the research questions presented below. The above questions are based on conflict avoidance and conflict resolution in the Middle East, especially Iraq (Anderson, Seibert and Wagner 105). This country holds a significant percentage of an important resource; oil. One, Iraq has not had political stability for quite some time. It has also engaged in wars and violation of human rights. Using this as an excuse, a number of countries have been observed to want to control the Iraqi oil fields (Pelletiere 48). For instance, the US has installed a peacekeeping initiative in Iraq. However, over and above the peace mission, US have also been observed expressing interest in one way or another to control the rich Iraqi oil fields. The specific role and interest of the US in Iraq is ambiguous, and the US’s benefits or harm to Iraq needs critical analysis. THERE IS A GLOBAL ALLIANCE OF RULING ELITES WHICH IS ALSO IN COMPETITION WITH EACH OTHER OVER CONSUMER MARKETS, RAW MATERIALS, LABOR MARKETS. THIS IS THE CONCEPT KNOWN AS  "COMPETITOR PEERS† (Lecture: â€Å"Liberalism, Realism, theories of International Relations, and Neo-conservatism). However, the primary role of the US presence in Iraq has been to promote peace and stability of the nation Possible answers can be predetermined in relation to the research questions presented earlier. Failure to put a stable government in place and the violation of human rights from time to time have made Iraq what it is today (Smith 386). Even before the US made an entry into Iraq, this scenario had been observed.  

Same sex couples adoting children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Same sex couples adoting children - Essay Example Same sex couples are denied adoption of children on the assumption that children suffer in the process. Stability of homosexual relationships, suitability as parents, the ability of the children of same sex to cope with the family environment, the same parental anxieties and responsibilities experienced by the same sex parents are reasons enough to allow adoption by the same sex couples. According to Buxton and Warner adoption allows children whose parents cannot care for them to be placed within a family environment. It is a legal process by which the connection between the biological parents and the child is severed and new ties are formed between the child and the adoptive parents. Thus the legal rights are handed over to the adoptive parents and hence the welfare of the adopted child is of great importance to any state. The state has a right to determine if the adopted child is under the right care and is being given a healthy development environment. Initially women that could not conceive would go in for adoption but now with the same sex parents, adoption is becoming commonplace. Same sex parenting through adoption is taking place in countries like United States, Australia, Europe and Canada. The basis of decision in allowing adoptions is no more restricted to sexual orientation and marital status. Emotional security, stability and serving in the best interes t of the child govern the decision for allowing adoption of a child. Sexual orientation does not negatively impact the quality of parenting. There is ample empirical evidence to support the view that same sex parents are as successful in parenting as the heterosexual parents. Buxton and Warner find that no differences have been found in children from the two types of families in self-esteem, psychological development and peer-relationships. There is no evidence to suggest that adult children of same sex parents identify themselves as gay or lesbians. The desire for

Community Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Community Project Management - Essay Example These members are responsible for electing the management committee. The management committee looks after all the activity of the community based organization. This management committee is responsible for legal matters, financial position of the organization, & providing of good quality of service. So if we analyze all the organization listed above, we find that these organizations are working for helping the community as & when required. These organizations are big organizations and having large number of members. Members play an important role in helping the people who are in need. Members of these organizations are also responsible for providing good quality of service. These organizations are also known as non profit organization. The management of these non profit community organizations is known as community project management. Designing & implementation of community project management is depending upon the type of community organization. Following factors affects the designing of a community project management: (Reference 1, Page No.-60). 1) Organization size: The size of community organization plays a vital role in designing and implementation of community project management. As the size increases the community project management becomes more critical & difficult to manage. 2) Technology used: During designing of community project management one should take ca... As the size increases the community project management becomes more critical & difficult to manage. 2) Technology used: During designing of community project management one should take care of the recent technology used by the community organization. On the basis of technology used by the organization, designing of community project management takes place. 3) Operating environment: Operating environment is also a crucial and important factor in community project management. Operating environment means the environment in which the organization is operating. During designing one should take care of operating environment, so that the future problem with the environment can be minimize. 4) Sources: The sources of the services should be taken into consideration while designing the community project management. During designing one should take care of the availability of the sources. The sources which are easily available and of good quality are taken into the consideration while designing community project management. 5) Strategy: Strategy of the community also helps in designing of community project management. Following three type of strategy used in the community organization a) Long term strategy b) Short term strategy c) Middle term strategy. So while designing the community project management, strategy should be taken into consideration for optimal utilization of resources available. Project Life Cycle (Reference 1, Page No.-55). While designing the community project management we should know the life cycle of the project. Without the study of project life cycle, we can not design the community project management. Following components are very important in project life cycle: 1) Project Requirement 2) Designing 3)

How technology, with particular emphasis on the internet and Essay - 2

How technology, with particular emphasis on the internet and computers, has changed world culture - Essay Example This communication explosion is the biggest cultural impact of the new technologies. Beneath the surface of this virtual world of avatars, wikis, blogs, and tweets, however, there are some deeper cultural changes which have both good and bad consequences. On the positive side, applications like video-conferencing and instant messaging are very useful in the world of work because they facilitate group discussions without the need for expensive real life travel. This saves time, and reduces the carbon footprint of any business. In terms of family and social relationships, these technologies also allow more frequent contact between individuals, even when they are located in different places, or even different countries. This can enhance family stability. Students can access a far wider range of learning resources, and older people can join leisure and interest groups, which offer friendship in pursuing hobbies, dealing with illnesses, and finding any number of other beneficial services. The internet exposes everyone who can afford to be connected, to a vast array of information sources and different points of view. One big negative change in the world has been a widening of the gap between rich and poor people. In Africa, for example, and in some deprived inner city areas of the developed world, there are many people who are excluded from these exciting opportunities because they do not have the resources to pay for equipment and broadband charges. This cultural divide can cause resentment and friction between developed and less developed countries or regions. For those who do enjoy the many benefits of the new technologies there are significant dangers which must be taken into account. Parents are rightly concerned about criminals, or even other children, who might contact their children inappropriately and promote immoral, illegal or other potentially harmful activities. There are internet

John Locke and the Tacit Consent Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

John Locke and the Tacit Consent Theory - Essay Example John Locke’s Theory of Tacit Consent is actually necessary but should not be the only basis of the legitimacy of a government. According to John Locke, the so-called Tacit Consent Theory refers to the notion that â€Å"one can only become a full member of society by an act of express consent† (Tuckness), which may translate as â€Å"simply by walking along the highways of a country a person gives tact consent to the government and agree to obey it while living in its territory† (Tuckness). This is, in fact, a rather self-explanatory definition of tacit consent. The point of Locke then is that â€Å"a government can only be legitimate when its citizens have consented to it† (Greenwood). Tacit consent, therefore, becomes for Locke an implication or indication not only of consent but also of obligation. This means that the idea of being in a particular place implies two things – that one â€Å"voluntarily† or â€Å"tacitly† consents to be ing under the governance of the law of that place, and that one therefore is obliged to follow the law of that place. Furthermore, this obligation to the law is also tantamount to consenting to be subject to the sanctions that will result if the law is not followed. This idea – the Tacit Consent Theory, however, no matter how logical it may sound, lends itself to several flaws. One objection to Locke’s theory of tacit consent is that Locke cannot possibly expect political obligation from the citizens since, based on the theory of tacit consent, it is the citizens’ consent that precedes and determines the legitimacy of the government, and not the other way around. According to Locke, â€Å"a government can only be legitimate when its citizens have consented to it† (Greenwood). This means that unless the citizens consent to the dictates and laws of the government, this government may exist but will remain illegitimate. The citizens’ consent therefore is essential to determining the legitimacy of the government. If, therefore, the actions of the government – imposing laws and sanctions – are dependent upon this legitimacy, then these actions are all dependent upon the consent of the citizens. In simple terms, if the citizens do not consent to the legitimacy of the government – or if there is no public trust – then the government cannot therefore impose laws on the citizens as well as sanctions if they violate these laws. However, Locke would answer this objection using his idea of the â€Å"majority,† which is clearly stated in Sections 97 and 98 in Chapter VIII of his Second Treatise of Government. Although negatively stated by Locke in Section 97, his point is that â€Å"†¦every man [should] submit to the determination of the majority [or else he] would signify nothing and be no compact, if he be left free, and under no ties than he was in before in the state of nature† (Locke). M oreover, Section 98, although also negatively stated, claims that â€Å"if the consent of the majority shall not†¦be received as the act of the whole, [this] will necessarily keep many away from the pubic assembly† (Locke). If Locke therefore would argue with the first objection stated above, he would simply state, based on the provisions of Sections 97 and 98, that the government is simply synonymous to the â€Å"majority† who declare among themselves that certain laws and sanctions should be imposed on the whole body of citizenry. In short, the government, to which some citizens may claim that they have no compulsory allegiance or political obligat

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Analysis - Essay Example Hence a nation could be conducting a ‘legal’ operation upon another nation without a legitimate basis for it. The ongoing occupation of Palestine by Israeli forces is a case in point, where the concocted legality betrays the lack of legitimacy of the occupation. The same analogy could be applied to the American occupation of Iraq, where even legality could be questioned. ’Triumph of the Will’ is a term used by politicians when a policy action succeeds against all odds. The term is mostly employed in the context of a military venture or an economic crisis, where much tenacity, resoluteness and foresight was required to meet the goal. The term is sometimes used alongside ‘legitimacy’ as a way of justifying the efforts and expenditure that went toward the fulfillment of the goal. In other words, the ‘legitimacy’ of the cause allowed a whole-hearted approach to meeting the goal. The term was adapted as the title of the film on Nazi Germany because the rise of the Nazi party to power and its near-completion of world domination is symbolically captured by the words. Given that the Nazi party did not even have one fifth of total vote share in late 1920s, it’s meteoric rise to highest office is nothing short of a Triumph of the Will. In the context of the contents of the documentary, the term denotes the legal means with which the Nazi party was able to achieve its illegitimate goals. In the end it proved ironic that the Allied Forces, under the leadership of Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin were able to fulfill their legitimate cause – namely to defend their sovereign nations from the sweep of the Third Reich. Both the terms in discussion are useful in comparative politics because they highlight the subtleties and shades of meaning that official rhetoric imply. Politics being as much an art as a it is grounded on theory and

Investigate, Outline and Analyze UK Food Industry Essay

Investigate, Outline and Analyze UK Food Industry - Essay Example As the report stresses in the modern world of globalisation, the economy of one country is related to that of another. Under such a scenario, free markets exist where the governments do not regulate the prices rather the prices are fixed by the demand and supply system. Therefore, an industry not only depends on the products offered by the domestic companies, but also in this era of globalization and free market, on the competitors in the industry. With the presence of many competitors in the market, people get the high quality products at lower prices. In UK, the government’s liberalization of the economy from the 1980s has led to increased market competition in all the industries. The researcher has chosen the food industry of UK for the analysis. The paper declares that the food industry in UK is ruled by supermarkets and retailers that have an effective supply chain system. The process starts from the cultivation of food in the farm land. The farmers produce the food and the retailers buy the raw materials from them. The retailers then pack the food and bring it to the customers. There are many players in the industry and so the competition is intense. As the market is a free one, so the entry barriers are lower and for that there are new companies who want to enter the market. The food sector can contribute in an effective way. As the food industry is growing and employment conditions are better here, the industry can take a leading role towards the growth of UK’s economy.

The Discrimination in Employment based on Age Essay

The Discrimination in Employment based on Age - Essay Example An important aspect of the political, economic and social programmes of the member states of the European Union is full citizenship for all citizens of the Union regardless of age, sex, ethnicity, religious beliefs or other potentially discriminatory factors. The effects of chronological age - defined in social terms in relation to an individual's chosen or forced behaviour on the grounds of age - has been an issue of political, economic and social relevance since the implementation of the First Action Programme on Ageing, and culminates provisionally with the European Employment Directive (2000/78/EC). Legislation outlawing age discrimination in employment and vocational training has will thus come into force by this year 2006.in the European Union come into force by 2006 at the latest. UK government policy aims to encourage older people to remain active within the workforce. This is in part recognition of the rise in longevity and the importance of living a healthy active contribut ory later life, but it is also to compensate for the potentially large take-up of pension benefits in the future. Saving throughout the life course and working later in life is also seen as a means of ensuring a satisfactory level of income in old age. Employers both directly and indirectly encourage however there is evidence that early withdrawal from the labour market through age discrimination. Age discrimination occurs when someone makes or sees a distinction on the basis of because of another person's age and uses this as a basis for prejudice against and unfair treatment of the person. Across the Europe there is thus evidence that age is taken into account in recruitment policies at both ends of the age range; i. iIncreasing numbers of workers are obliged or persuaded to leave the workplace 5-15 years before the state pension age; eii. Early exit is decided on the grounds of age rather than on performance and abilities and skills needsrequirements; iii. eEarly exit for persons aged over 50 years is equivalent to permanent exit; iv. tThere is widespread employers' practice of targeting older workers for job losses. The types of discrimination to be addressed are dDirect discrimination (less favourable treatment).

Report on court visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Report on court visit - Essay Example It was alleged that Andrew and David had agreed the previous day; David had agreed to lend Andrew 5000 on the following day. However, they did not agree how did not agree how the said money was to be collected. The court heard that Martin arrived at David's house in the afternoon and since it was unusual visit at David home, David was convinced that he had been sent to collect the money they had agreed. Without asking Martin whether he had been sent by his father, David handled a 5000 bill to Martin to take to his father. On the side of Andrew, he said that he had about the debt from David one month from the date they had discussed about it, yet he had not received the money. He said that he was waiting for a confirmation from David on when to collect the money and since he never heard from him, he thought may be he was not willing to lend him the money. It was held that even though, a father is not liable for the torts committed by his children unless he authorised the tort or if the tort was accessioned by his negligence. For this case, there was no evidence that Martin had been sent by his father to collect the money from David.

US Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

US Democracy - Essay Example Fitting the above description of democracy the government of the United States of America in a fully democratic nation that forms exemplary example for other governments in the world Many factors make the US a democratic country. First, United States treats all its citizens equally as they are all equal before the law and in decisions making. The government discourages all forms of discrimination that result to people getting different treatment. In this, similar laws govern all the citizens equally and no single is above the legislation of the nation. Either, the constitution allows the people to choose their leaders after every four years in the exercise of their democratic right to vote. In this also, citizens are equal with one citizen with one vote. Besides, the form of governorship provides the citizens with freedom of expression and all other rights as expressed in the bill of rights. The government does not limit the individuals past the limitation of the established constitution making the type of government depicted in the US to be a democratic state system. Furthermore, the government has the government arms that represent those in the Democratic stat ues like the constitution and the parliament. In and democratic system the sovereignty of people is the power over in the rule of law. Since people make the government, the citizen in a democratic country are superior, and it limits the government. Therefore, limited government is a partisan concept in a democratic nation where citizenship has the authority to influence the rule of law while smothering the government.This concept places more power in the lower systems like the state governments, local governments and citizens to access and participate in crucial events. This model seeks to provide the citizens with more authority in the market share thus giving the greater opportunity to

Leadership Analysis Paper (Ray Kroc,Mcdonalds Founder) Essay

Leadership Analysis Paper (Ray Kroc,Mcdonalds Founder) - Essay Example He ensured the growth and consistency of production in the company. Notably, McDonalds is the world's largest chain of restaurants based in San Bernardino, California with its first restaurant starting in 1955. The company continued to open other restaurants all over the world where it sells the same brand and quality of the world’s favorite foods, which include Fries and Chicken, Big Mac sandwich, and Nuggets. Today, McDonalds is the world’s leading foodservice retailer. The leadership case of Ray Kroc relates to me since I also worked for McDonalds and I could use his leadership style in my position. Abstract Leadership is one of the dominant aspects in modern life. There are different forms and levels of leadership and thus it is not easy to define leadership. However, leadership involves the ability to establish a long-term policy and influencing others towards the realization of that policy (Bennis, 2009, p.1-8). Leadership requires leadership skills which are eith er taught or acquired and may have formal powers to exercise their mandate. Notably, leadership is very subtle in any organization and the leaders have unique responsibilities over their followers (Bennis, 2009, 147-149). This paper will analyze the leadership practices of Ray Kroc who was the founder of the McDonalds. In doing this, the paper will rely on theories covered in this course. Chapter 1: Introduction Ray Kroc was an American entrepreneur whose name is very dominant in the restaurants industry because he was synonymous in propelling McDonald’s to international success where it is now the world's largest chain of restaurants. Ray Kroc was born in Oak Park, Illinois, on October 5, 1902 (Mattern, 2011). Ray Kroc grew and spent the greater part of his life in Oak Park, Illinois. He dropped out of school at an early age 15 years to become a Red Cross ambulance driver in World War I after lying about his age to become an ambulance driver at 15 (Mattern, 2011). After the World War 1, Kroc tried various career options, which included selling paper cups, plying piano, and being a DJ on a local Oak Park radio station (Mattern, 2011). At 20 years of age, Kroc got married. He started selling cups during the day for Tulip Cup Company in 1922 and plays the piano on the radio at night. He worked as a sales representative for 17 years where he rose to become the Tulip’s Midwest sales manager (Mattern, 2011). In this position, Kroc acquired the exclusive rights to a new milkshake machine that could make five milkshakes at once and promoted it across the United States (Mattern, 2011). He got big orders for the new milkshake machine and because of the savings he got from the sales, Kroc approached the McDonald brothers to start a number of restaurants. As a result, he opened two restaurants in Illinois when he was fifty-two years old (Mattern, 2011). He consequently bought the McDonald’

Management - Henri Fayol's Management Theories Essay

Management - Henri Fayol's Management Theories - Essay Example The present discussion focuses on identifying and assessing the adoption of Fayol’s principles in contemporary management through distinct examples drawn from modern organizations and their practices. There is no doubt that the contemporary management concepts have evolved from classical theories such as Fayol’s; however, there exists much debate about the influence of classical theories and their application in present management concepts. For instance, Fayol’s principles of management form the core job of managers even today, although the focus is shifted to one or few of these principles at a time. In present-day service industries, the focus usually oscillates between initiative, teamworking, order or efficiency with some other activities such as discipline, equity, division of work etc providing direction to better business management. These focus areas also differ with the type of industry as well as organizational goals. Roethlisberger and Dickson (1939) h ave argued that the contemporary management concepts have profound impact from studies that emerged from behavioral sciences, especially the human relations movement that resulted from Hawthorne experiments (cited in Allen & Gilmore, 1993). Some management scholars refer to Fayol’s principles as the present-day management functions that correspond to planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (Schermerhorn, 2011). In short, Fayol’s 14 principles include division of work, authority, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction, subordination of individual interests to the general interests, remuneration, centralization, scalar chain, order, equity, stability of tenure of personnel, initiative, and esprit de corps (cited in Allen & Gilmore, 1993). From a manager’s perspective, Fayol’s principles seem to be the most apt and provide a comprehensive understanding to any management personnel, with or without experience. However, differing views of manag ement theories emerged, which consider classical concepts as contradictory. Unlike Taylor’s scientific management concepts that focus on the objective of driving maximum prosperity for the employer along with similar outcomes for the employees (Schermerhorn, 2011), Fayol’s principles can be regarded as completely management focused; this could be one of the reasons for argument/debate that subsequent theorists focused upon (Brunsson, 2008). Fayol’s conceptualization is based on the premise that all organizations are similar and hence the managerial duties are also similar. Brunsson (2008) asserts that this conceptualization compliments the fact that managerial talent can be acquired through training. If this premise were to be true, then all organizations would be performing at the same level and all managers within the organization would produce same outcomes. However, management and organizational outcomes are very different within and outside. Moreover, manag ement styles, patterns, policies, practices, etc. are different in different regions or countries, as proven by Hofstede (1980). Hofstede’

WEEK 8 Problem Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WEEK 8 Problem Statement - Essay Example ogy in the world of business has continued to engage the concern of experts who explore the various ways that could be relied upon to provide solutions to the business world. Essentially, the provision of these solutions requires the adoption of information technology tools in specific areas that pose challenges of efficiency and productivity (Gottschalk, 2007). A comprehensive appreciation of the value of information technology in the world of business might begin with some focus on the communication factor in business. Efficient communication saves time and money and helps the organization to meet set goals in an orderly and harmonious manner. Traditional forms of communication involved lengthy periods of time which adversely affected the fiscal targets of business. Generally, the performance of any business is measured within specific time frames. It is therefore important for businesses to develop systems that would ensure efficiency and production within the set time frame. Information technology has supplied tools through the internet technology which lessen the logistical challenges that were usually incurred in the course of running a business (Elliott, 2004). Another factor cited by experts who embrace the adoption of information technology in business is the reduction of stress and burnout at the work place. Naturally, the incorporation of technology in the world of business has the effect of reducing the strain and stress that accompanies manual processes. Related to this is the fact that human error often occurs due to the manual systems that are more susceptible to inaccuracies as compared to systems that utilize information technology. Many studies have shown that the comparative advantage between the two systems favours the adoption of information technology in business processes. The introduction of internet-based computer technology has had the effect of increasing the efficiency of businesses processes. Although the adoption of information

Summary and personal response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary and personal response - Assignment Example She also uses the societal status to illustrate the thinking capacity that subsists between the wealthy and the poor in the society. In this piece, Kim shares her childhood events and experiences as her family is faced with poverty. This paper will briefly analyze Facing Poverty with a Rich Girl’s habits and establish important aspects relating to the piece. The main purpose of the author in writing this piece is to explain the challenges she experiences in living between two different countries. She articulates her emotional state to the cultural hardships that she has to adjust after her family moved from South Korea to Queens New York. These two countries also have different cultures and beliefs. Her friends go ahead to describe her experience as being ‘fresh off the boat’ (Roen, Glau & Maid 2010). She, however, fails to understand why the kids call her F.O.B while she flew in to the United States with their family. She is coupled with stress as she tries hard incorporating another way of life that she has no experience or accustoms in beliefs. The overall genre of this piece is a narrative essay. The whole piece illustrates her learning process in transforming from a wealthy girl to a poor girl. It also illustrates the challenges coupled with her transformation to different lifestyles as a teenager. Kim uses a variety o f tones such as grief, confusion, as well as frustration. The main overall tone in the piece, however, is frustration. The author is experiencing mental shift and alterations in the societal outlook due to immigrating into the US. The author in fact describes the immigration experience as ‘the great equalizer’. She describes the 1.5 generation issue in which she identifies with due to the adjustment crisis that she faces. However, as time goes by, the tone changes to achievement. She gets comfortable in speaking English as her second language. She also finds out other Koreans like her that faced the same

Critical analysis on Roald Dahl's writing style and his influence on Essay

Critical analysis on Roald Dahl's writing style and his influence on my writing - Essay Example (Propson, David 2007) Oddly enough, Dahl’s children’s stories required heavy rewriting by the editors, but they were naturally brilliant, and so were quite worth the effort. Dahl’s adult fiction was quite dark, and though satisfying, it seldom had any balance from humor. However, his children’s stories, though dark as well, always had a generous dollop of humor and fantasy. Even the characters in his children’s stories seem to balance. In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory we have Charlie, his grandfather, and willie Wonka to represent the good guys and they balance out the three four awful children and their parents. (Amidon, Stephen 2006) He seems to have caught the exactly right tone for kids. He knew how they thought, how things worked in their heads. So, his children’s stories rang true for them, wonderfully parallel to their perceptions of the world. Yet, there was a wonderful quality of humor and fantasy which the illustrators, and later filmmakers, could play against in their work. The latest version of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is fantastically done with the digital special effects of Tim Burton’s versi on of 2005. (iMDB 2005) (Mcmorran, Will, 2006) All of the lovely fantasy comes through and does justice to the author. However, it probably only matches the images which appear in the heads of the children who read the books. In fact, when one looks at Dahl’s children’s stories there is a core of frank truth at the center. He makes some strong points on the human condition and human psychology. His characters are extreme examples of all the foibles and character traits of real people. Even the Dahl’s childrens stories, even though he takes things to fantastic heights, his characters always wind up with their just deserts, as suits a story for children. Ambiguity is so0mething reader have to learn to tolerate, generally when we are very close to adulthood. Children require justice to be done. It does not

Future Direction of Healthcare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Future Direction of Healthcare - Assignment Example In an instance where the health physician’s quality of work is based on customer experience, there is a likelihood that most physicians will opt to only handle patients who are easier to treat and ignore those with chronic illnesses. Furthermore, there is a likelihood that the doctors may perceive this form of pay to be unfair. This is especially so if the good doctors are underpaid while those who do not do their work so well are paid better (Miller, 2014). Administrators need to come up with a standards measure for quality if they ever expect this initiative to work. If the doctors feel like they are being paid in accordance to their performance, they are likely to work harder and improve customer experience. Currently, there is a heightened shortage in the number of skilled nurses and practitioners in the health sector who can care to individual patients and the overall population as a whole, which can be interpreted to signify that the demand is higher than the supply. Most of the nurses are under skilled and are incapable of meeting the required performance standards which consequently affects patients health care. Employers are faced with the problem of coming up with strategies that will help cub the problem of unskilled workers and ensuring that all the health workers meet the required standards to ensure future survival of the organization. Some of these strategies include up-skilling and multi-skilling employees, employing younger employees, establishing some form of partnership between the organization and the educators and lastly ensuring the participation of mature workers. The employers can come up with strategies to maintain young employees in the organization considering the fact that they are at high demand and not easily available in the market. Mature employees have skills that the younger employees could benefit from hence why the employers should persuade them to

Reflective Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflective Learning - Essay Example One of our primary goals was to make the work innovative, original and creative to the maximum extent. In order to achieve that, we used to do brainstorming. It helped us collect the required information at the outset so that we would be able to be articulate in manipulating the data thus retrieved. The ideas collected through brainstorming were exchanged with one another and the best and most practicable ones were selected for further consideration. The communication generally went calm and meaningful. Owing to the diversity of cultures we came from, each one of us had his/her own mother tongue that was different from others. Nonetheless, it was essential to select one language as a medium of communication so that the inconveniences could be minimized. Therefore, we mutually decided to conduct all conversations in English alone. This solved the problem to much an extent. Those of us, who were not very fluent in English in the start, started to gain confidence with the passage of tim e, and improved English speaking skill. Quite often, we used to indulge in functional conflicts. The criticism made by team members was carefully constructed and was based on prudent observation. Accordingly, the team members took criticism positive and used it as a means to improve their individualistic and collective performance. In order to make sure that the quality of relationship and understanding between individual members of the team did not decline, we would conduct a complain and confront session in which every body would be free to say anything to anyone and criticize one another. This session not only helped regulate the tensions, but also used to be a very enjoyable activity. In the very first meeting, we had divided our responsibilities according to one another’s interests. Belbin team roles like implementer, shaper, and coordinator had to be distributed among the team members. Each of these roles had their own requirements. Fore example, playing the role of imp lementer required the individual to be quite well organized in his/her approach and to be predictable. The individual, as an implementer, should choose ideas and implement them slowly but effectively. The role of shaper asked the individual to invest too much energy and action in the work. The individual was supposed to insensitively challenge other team members to make them move on. The one who assumed the role of coordinator would make others concentrate on the work and would be in a controlling position. Roles were assigned according to individuals’ interests. Where two or more people had the same interests, it was essential to assign the responsibility to only one while others had to sacrifice. In order to solve such issues without any fuss, we would conduct the voting. The individual who won maximum votes would be assigned the responsibility to his/her choice, while others had to select from the remaining options. Thus, rational measures were taken to make important deci sions in minimum time and with maximum efficiency. In every work that is to be accomplished by a team, it is quite essential for all members of the team to always be fully aware of the progress of work. We had a meeting at the end of every single day in which we would make one another aware of the progress made during the very day and would plan the target for the following day. We looked up to the meetings in order to

Industry approach for addressing the vexing issue Assignment

Industry Approach for Addressing the Vexing Issue - Assignment Example Error-tracking system, which is already implemented by the healthcare professional reports, based on the medical errors that are getting pervasive and is the main cause of the death taking place in the USA. The report has also presented that medical errors often takes place due to the systematic problems, while delivering the health care services, rather than while improving the performance of each individual. Healthcare industry is adopting different approaches, such as the development of error-tracking mechanisms, extensive investigation, allocation of available resources for the initiative of error protection, and root cause analysis of the problem (Fialova & Onder, 2009). According to the ACA report, there are four approaches for mitigating the issues related with the healthcare profession, such as identification and understanding through the errors related with the voluntary and mandatory reporting systems, set up national efforts for enhancing the knowledge linked with the medical safety, increase in standards and expectations in order to bring improvements in safety through increasing involvement of medical professionals, and establishing delivery level safety systems within the healthcare organizations (Fialova & Onder, 2009). ACA report sparks the debate among the health policymakers in the USA for appropriately responding to the problem. ACA improve its quality or made it worse through restricting the funds In America, lawmakers are putting more emphasis on the healthcare quality with the introduction of protection of patients and Affordable Care Act. Through the reduction in 30 days readmissions, American hospitals have started taking initiatives for fulfilling all the requirements, has even adopted best practices, which results in the improvement of healthcare quality and readmissions between the community providers and hospitals.

What's the effects of obesity (debating) Research Paper

What's the effects of obesity (debating) - Research Paper Example The effects of obesity are not limited to the affected persons but affect the entire country as a whole. On an individual level, obesity has several health implications. First, Diabetes has been found to contribute to the occurrence of diabetes Mellitus. It is argued that since obesity affects the distribution of body fat, this has an effect on the metabolism of glucose. This leads to the body developing a resistance towards obesity. Secondly, obesity has been observed to cause cardiovascular problems. With the increase in body fat and tissue, the oxygen demands of the body increase. This leads to high cardiac output which in turn leads to changes in the structure of the heart to cope with the increase demand. This causes a sharp increase in blood pressure. In addition, congestive heart failure (CHF) is also caused by obesity (National Institutes of Health, 16). Thirdly, persons suffering from obesity have been observed to have sleep-breathing difficulties. It is argued that the incr ease in the amount of fat on the chest wall as well as the abdomen has a great impact on the functioning of the chest and diaphragm, thereby affecting the mechanisms of breathing. Fifth, a number of studies have shown that there is a strong link between obesity and colon and breast cancers. Diabetes has been found to cause colon cancer in men but less in women while at the causing breast cancer in women. Finally, on an economic scale, obesity has been found to have great economic effects. Specifically, the costs associated with treating diabetes and resulting complications are very high. For example, according to the National Institutes of Health (1995), the direct and indirect medical costs associated with obesity in America in 1995 were estimated to be $99.2 billion and $47.6 billion respectively. In addition, the costs associated with loss of productive

Exploring Inclusion in a United Kingdom School Dissertation

Exploring Inclusion in a United Kingdom School - Dissertation Example The intention of this study is Inclusion of children with special needs and abilities in schools. Some parents and teachers have different views depending on their situation, as some accept it as a positive educational practice that benefits the included children with special needs as well as mainstream children. On the other hand, others do not agree to combining children with differing abilities and needs. However, breakthroughs in educational research has pushed individuals to acknowledge the practice of inclusion as viable intervention in supporting the development of children with special education needs who are placed in inclusive classrooms. This paper will endeavour to report on explorative research on inclusion in primary schools in the United Kingdom. It reviews related literature on the topic, reporting findings of various studies which mostly include the research methods of observations and interviews. The researcher has gained access to an inclusive classroom as a volunt eer, and in effect, she became a participant observer in the inclusive class. She was not only able to gain information about inclusion in her task as volunteer, but was immersed in the system so she had more in-depth perspective of what it was like to be in an inclusive class. On top of assisting the main teacher, she was vigilant in observing the children’s interactions with each other (how mainstream children interact with children with special needs) and how teachers may have differentiated the mainstream children from the children with special education needs in terms of treatment, planned activities and relationships with them. Research Questions The main research questions that guided this study were the following: Main question: How is inclusion implemented in a UK school? Sub-questions: What are the views of teachers and other adults working in inclusive settings regarding the blending of mainstream children and children with special needs in their classes? Are there any differences in treatment and the given educational programmes for mainstream children and children with special needs within the inclusive classroom? 1 Research Design The researcher was a participant observer in an inclusive school setting. She took down notes on her observations of some classes indoors and the children at play during outdoor play periods. Apart from her observations, she conducted semi-structured interviews

Public Health and Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public Health and Safety - Essay Example These are just some cases where the public is left open to the hazards of the dangerous conditions of properties. In response to these alarming scenarios, UK had enacted several statutes to foster public health and safety. Already in place are UK's Torts Act 1977, laws on public nuisance, Public Health Act 1936, Defective Premises Act 1972, Fatal Accidents Act 1976, (Harpwood 2005,p.196-384) and the Occupiers Liability Act 1984. From the onset we must clarify that there is no contractual relationship between the owner of the property and the spouses . Since they came in to the premises uninvited , they must be deemed as trespassers as defined in the Occupiers Liability Act 1984 but the nagging question then is must the company be absolved from liability and the spouses be considered to have taken undue risk and must suffer for their own misfortune. Or must the company be liable for the damages done on the basis of 'res ipsa loquitor' principle on Torts as it cannot be denied that damages happened in its property and therefore there is an assumption of negligence and want of due care on its part. Thus, must the company be considered a tortfeasor which has the burden of proof of proving that it is not guilty of negligence in immediately fencing the condemned property after knowledge of possibility of causing harm to the public and that it exercised due standard of care. If it fails to prove both, must it answ er for damages incurred to the spouses on the basis of failing to qualify for the 'reasonable man test'(Bolton v Stone) and on grounds of nuisance. Lastly, whether spouses by trespassing in a property which has a warning sign that people will be entering at their own risk guilty of contributory negligence by which company can hide under the doctrine of limited liability and whether by such act the spouses must be assumed to have voluntarily exposed themselves to the risk and thus must be precluded from recovery for injuries they suffered therefrom under the principle of "volenti non fit injuria" (Barker 2002,p.181). 3 Statement of Relevant Laws The basic law that governs this case is the UK Torts Act 1977 specifically quasi-delict or culpa aquiliana which provides that where there is no preexisting contractual relationships between the parties, the party who by act or