Public Schools Vs. Home Schooling Essays - Education, Homeschooling

Public Schools Vs. Home Schooling When American's think of education, they almost automatically think of public education. Through the years it is slowly changing. Many parents' today are deciding to home school their children. Although most people think that a public education is better, most statistics and facts tend to show that home schooling is beneficial in more ways. It is estimated that parents are now teaching over two million children at home, rather than in public or even private schools. Education in our public schools has been on the down slope for over twenty years now. Public schools have lost all values and biblical morality. This was what our country was founded on and it has been replaced with humanism. One example of humanism in our schools is that they teach evolution, not creationism. Some people believe that this problem is happening because of the removal of God and prayer in public schools; the U.S. Supreme Court did this in 1962. Beginning in 1962, SAT scores plummeted. Teen pregnancies, teen sexual diseases, teen suicides, teen alcohol, drug abuse, pornography, and illiteracy rates abruptly increased 200 to 300 percent. Violence is one of the main factors effecting are schools today. Rape is a growing problem among juveniles. A juvenile commits one out of every five rapes that occur in the United States. There is also a higher use of drugs and alcohol among kids in public schools. Over 80 percent of public high school students drink alcohol and 45.7 percent have used marijuana. Drugs and alcohol make most people extremely violent. That is also on of the reasons why our violence and crime rates are so high. Over hundreds of millions of dollars are spend on the security of our Nation's public schools. The Seattle Times once said, In Washington, D.C., drugs and violence were such a problem in one elementary school, that the principal banned regular recess, and the children are only allowed to play outside in a pit enclosed by eight-foot concrete walls, or on a small secti on of playground monitored by the police. The disciplinary problems of children usually start even before they reach public school. In the last ten years, research shows that infants raised in daycare are more prone to behavioral problems as young children than their home-reared cousins. If you keep your child at home from the start, you will be able to discipline and raise your children with the right morals. Because so much time is spend trying to clean up and keep our schools safe, we are more or less falling behind in our education. American's are farther behind in educational status than countries such as Japan, Taiwan, and China. The teachers spend too much time on the little things and forget the real reason why the children are there. Not only that, but some of the textbooks hold inaccurate information and do not contain the whole story. Some textbooks stated that the atomic bomb ended the Korean War (instead of World War II) and that only 53,000, rather than 126,000 America ns, were killed in World War I. One book summarizes Abraham Lincoln's and George Washington's life in approximately six lines each. Not only are the wrong things written in the textbooks, they teach the children wrong values. In public school textbooks, marriage is never mentioned as the foundation of the family, and yet these books are supposed to be the textbooks that introduce the child to an understanding of American society. The idea of home schooling started many years ago, but it really began to flourish in the 1970's. For many people this was the only option, because either public schools lacked or the schools were too far away for them to attend. In the present day, there are over two million children being home schooled by their mothers and fathers, over a fifteen percent rise in home school students each year. A majority of home school students are white middle class families, but minorities are finding that this option is also better for their children rather than the pu blic schools. Some of the main factors parents find from home schooling are: the children often become more independent and more responsible with their

How My Cousin Manuel Brought Home A Wife Essays - Ilocano People

How My Cousin Manuel Brought Home A Wife HOW MY COUSIN MANUEL BROUGHT HOME A WIFE Manuel Arguilla and Charlson Ongs stories may have an almost similar title, with each of the main characters bringing home a wife who is different from the local people. However, the newer version addresses a much more serious issue. In Charlson Ongs How My Cousin Manuel Brought Home A Wife, the writer used contrast of characters (particularly Consuelo and Mei Lu) and contemporary language to show that even in the modern age, racial discrimination still exists and destroys ones happiness. Hearing about his sons return with a Brazilian wife, Mei Lu is devastated. Her agony clearly worsens to the extreme upon seeing her daughter-in-law: Consuelo, a huge and black woman whom she describes as bigger than the great wall and blacker than the pit of her kettle. She might learn to live with the fact of a foreign daughter-in-law, Spanish-speaking and all. But Consuelo? The woman simply failed to strike me as being in the universe of possibilities Aunt Mei Lu could imagine. It is made clear by the writer in these lines that a foreign daughter-in-law of a skin color other than black would be bearable for Mei Lu. Mother says Carlos should not have brought Consuelo to the house. But did they not send Carlos to the airport to bring the couple back home? Apparently, they were expecting a white Brazilian. At 70 and being from an age where the word beauty conjured a fairness often described as being edible and where petite, teen-age, virgin brides were tucked neatly into fragile sedan chairs fit for babes, Mei Lu can not accept the fact of having Consuelo, who has just the opposite qualities, as the wife of her only son. She regards Consuelo as subhuman. This she reveals by her wailing: You call that a daughter-in-law? Furthermore, she associates Consuelos black skin color with evil. Eventhough she has not spoken a word to Consuelo, except for the words O kui she called to her face, Mei Lu automatically assumes that she tried to kill Manuel, who was actually s aved through Consuelos psychic abilities, and is only after Manuels money, which is not as much as Mei Lu thinks at all. In contrast, Consuelos character is not one which is racially prejudiced. It is said in the story that Consuelo chose to break tradition to be able to heal the Oriental person, Manuel. Although her mother-in-law is very much different from her, and not to mention cold to her, she whole-heartedly accepts this old lady as her mother-in-law, even as her own filial mother. Her characters psychic ability contributes a lot in reinforcing the theme of the story. Just like a person is said to have a higher soul beneath the physical plane, ones character cannot be seen by merely looking on the physical appearance. In effect, Ong seems to be telling us that the invisible blockage causing Mei Lus sickness is actually her racial prejudice, which is also hindering her acceptance of Consuelo. The use of contemporary language throughout the story is telling us that although the Emancipation Proclamation freeing the black slaves was made by Abraham Lincoln more than a hundred years ago, we have kept racial segregation quite intact. The story is set at a time when Cathay Pacific and other airline companies already bring people to their desired destinations, not when black slaves were compressed like canned sardines in a ship to be transported and sold in Europe. There are already such terms as illegal logging, labor costs and people, regardless of race, are supposedly entitled to equal rights. It is an age where the names Sonia Braga, Robin Padilla, PBA, Jaworski, and the wrestling worlds Roberto Duran are associated with entertainment, and where one can say If this was Ah Siao, then Im Jacky Chan. without getting questioning looks. Slang and idiomatic expressions are used in the narrators stream of consciousness throughout the story. Carlos says to Manuel: Christ, if I had half your balls Id have done something about it. Id have looked out for her sometime and faced up to your mother. The word balls means courage but can also

Why SEO is Key to Increasing Amazon Sales

Is Amazon SEO a part of your online marketing strategy? Today, any business that sells products and has an online presence can’t afford to ignore the consumer reach of Amazon. SEO for Google and Bing is still important, but the first destination for many buyers is actually Amazon’s search engine. Here, we’ll look at why Amazon SEO should be a part of youroverall content strategy. Benefit From Amazon’s Unique Search Engine The difference between the search engines of Google and Amazon is what makes Amazon such a great platform for businesses. People searching on Amazon are typically ready-to-buy consumers, so there’s more scope to promote the benefits of your products within product description keywords. This is in contrast to Google, where you’re typically trying to build brand awareness and educate potential customers. According to Amazon, 81 percent of clicks are for brands that show up on the first page of results, so the key to succeeding on Amazon is to improve the rankings of your product listings. Amazon’s A9 algorithm ranks listings according to product relevance and sales performance, so your two main goals should be to create relevant product descriptions and maximize your Amazon sales rank. Learn more about what actions you need to take with these essential SEO strategies to increase your Amazon sales. Rise Above the Competition with Amazon SEO Competition is fierce on Amazon, with thousands of sellers promoting similar products across the platform. However, you can stand out if you know how to rise to the top of Amazon search results. With the right techniques, you can quickly improve conversions and Amazon rankings. Reach a Ready-to-Buy Audience Many consumers begin their search for products on Amazon, not Google. On Google and other search engines, searchers are generally looking for inspiration and information about products. People on Amazon know what they want and are ready to make a purchase. This makes it even more important to rank high on Amazon. The first few positions are seen by more potential customers and are more likely to lead to a sale. With millions of daily visitors, Amazon gives you the unique opportunity to reach these bottom-of-the-funnel customers in an instant. Get your product descriptions right and you’ll reach new customers and enjoy repeat purchases from satisfied customers. Boost Your Amazon Sales Rank The Amazon sales rank, which is also referred to as the â€Å"Amazon bestseller ranking† is still misunderstood by many companies. In simple terms, it shows the relative popularity of a product in a specific category. For example, if your listing is ranked at number 10, nine products in the same category have higher sales. While no-one knows exactly how the Amazon sales rank is calculated, many marketers agree that more recent purchases seem to score higher in results. Sales ranks are also calculated at different frequencies, depending on how high the sales rank is for an individual product. The key to increasing your Amazon sales rank seems to be to consistently generate more sales than your competitors, which again comes down to using up-to-date Amazon SEO strategies. This involves performing keyword research and optimizing your product descriptions because the words and language you use can have a significant impact on your Amazon rankings. The Bottom Line The main takeaway is that if you want to maximize your sales and grow your business through Amazon, you need to take steps to increase your Amazon sales rank. This involves creating optimized Amazon content – especially product descriptions – to reach target customers and increase product sales. When you get it right, you can enjoy more traffic and a steadier income. If you need help creating compelling and optimized product descriptions, Constant Content has thousands of freelance copywriters on standby to help your business and products rank higher on Amazon.

population genetics essays

population genetics essays Evolution could be defined as being the total of genetically inherited changes in the individuals who are members of a populations gene pool. Although the effects of evolution are felt by the individual, the population is what truly evolves. Evolution merely changes the frequency of alleles in a population. The definition of evolution, as it is known today, has been shaped largely by Godfrey hardy, a British mathematician, and his contemporary, Wilhelm Weinberg, a German physician. Through experimentation and mathematic modeling, they came to the conclusion that gene pool frequencies themselves are stable, however, evolution should be expected all the time. They concluded this seeming paradox by looking at the overall effects of some evolutionary devices (ONeal Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model 1). Hardy and Weinberg (along with the geneticists who followed their projects) came to the understanding that evolution will not occur if seven conditions are reached by that population: 2. Natural selection is not occurring 3. The population is infinitely large 4. All members of the gene pool are capable of breeding 6. Everyone produces the same number of offspring 7. There is no migration in or out of the population To sum the above up, if none of the devices that cause evolution to occur are active in a population, it will not occur. The gene pool frequencies will remain untouched. Nevertheless, since it is nearly impossible that any one of these conditions, let alone all seven at once, are met, evolution is unavoidable (ONeal Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model 1). Hardy and Weinberg continued to develop an equation or formula that can be utilized to figure out the genotypic frequencies and track the changes from one generation to another in a population. It has been coined the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation. ...

Free Essays on A Small, Good Thing

Fiction Essay In the story A Small Good Thing the first event the reader is exposed to is Ann Weis making a trip to the baker to order a birthday cake for her son Scotty’s eighth birthday. During this trip, the reader is introduced to the baker. Ann’s reactions and personal thoughts about the baker are important to the reader later on in the story. Within the first two paragraphs the reader is exposed to the protagonist, antagonist, and the setting. The complicating incident is quick to come in the fourth paragraph when the birthday boy stepped off the curb at an intersection and was hit by a car (Kennedy and Gioia, 459). Scotty may have been able to stumble home after being knocked into the gutter by the car, but soon he collapses at home and is rushed to the hospital. The complicating incident is further developed when the reader learns that who ever hit Scotty with their car, drove off when the child was seen standing immediately after the accident. When Ann calls her husba nd and tells him about Scotty’s accident, the reader is being introduced to the rising action of the story. In the rising action of the story the reader knows that Ann cannot wake her son up, and his body has gone limp. The reader also knows that Howard, Scotty’s father and Ann’s husband, is on his way to the hospital. The technical climax holds the majority of the length in this story. Here the reader learns of all the medical tests that Scotty is going through, as well as his parent’s anguish of not knowing if their son will wake up. The technical climax also exposes the newest problem of strange phone calls being made to their home. An uneasy feeling of tension is felt by the reader when strange and rude phone calls begin to pour into their home by the baker. Howard is the first person in the story to deal with these phone calls. Now the reader questions what type of involvement the baker had, if any, pertaining to Scotty being h... Free Essays on A Small, Good Thing Free Essays on A Small, Good Thing Fiction Essay In the story A Small Good Thing the first event the reader is exposed to is Ann Weis making a trip to the baker to order a birthday cake for her son Scotty’s eighth birthday. During this trip, the reader is introduced to the baker. Ann’s reactions and personal thoughts about the baker are important to the reader later on in the story. Within the first two paragraphs the reader is exposed to the protagonist, antagonist, and the setting. The complicating incident is quick to come in the fourth paragraph when the birthday boy stepped off the curb at an intersection and was hit by a car (Kennedy and Gioia, 459). Scotty may have been able to stumble home after being knocked into the gutter by the car, but soon he collapses at home and is rushed to the hospital. The complicating incident is further developed when the reader learns that who ever hit Scotty with their car, drove off when the child was seen standing immediately after the accident. When Ann calls her husb and and tells him about Scotty’s accident, the reader is being introduced to the rising action of the story. In the rising action of the story the reader knows that Ann cannot wake her son up, and his body has gone limp. The reader also knows that Howard, Scotty’s father and Ann’s husband, is on his way to the hospital. The technical climax holds the majority of the length in this story. Here the reader learns of all the medical tests that Scotty is going through, as well as his parent’s anguish of not knowing if their son will wake up. The technical climax also exposes the newest problem of strange phone calls being made to their home. An uneasy feeling of tension is felt by the reader when strange and rude phone calls begin to pour into their home by the baker. Howard is the first person in the story to deal with these phone calls. Now the reader questions what type of involvement the baker had, if any, pertaining to Scotty being h...

Warning, This Post May Be Stolen

Warning, This Post May Be Stolen Warning, This Post May Be Stolen Warning, This Post May Be Stolen By Maeve Maddox A lot of writing sites link to posts on the DailyWritingTips site. We like that. Sometimes they run a brief quotation followed by a link to the rest of the article on our site. I see nothing wrong with that. Sometimes, however, they post an entire article on their sites, followed by attribution and a link to DWT. Apparently they are acting in good faith, imagining that including attribution makes it all right to reproduce the entire post. It isn’t. That’s copyright violation. This week I happened across a site that not only publishes our posts in their entirety, but does so without attribution: leestringer.net (not linked for obvious reasons). Some of my posts are attributed to â€Å"Sweet Jane.† There is a â€Å"Go to Source† link that appears after a Twitter icon at the far bottom of the posts. Perhaps that’s intended as a defense in case of being called on it. The way our material is integrated into the overall design of the poaching website, the site’s readers probably don’t even notice the buried â€Å"source† link. It took me a while to find it, and I was looking. Naturally this experience got me thinking about plagiarism. Plagiarism is theft. It’s from Latin plagiarius meaning â€Å"kidnapper† or â€Å"plunderer.† Inexperienced writers sometimes commit plagiarism unintentionally by paraphrasing badly, misquoting, or failing to attribute a quotation to its source. Unscrupulous writers do it intentionally, in order to profit from the work of others. Anyone who writes, or makes use of the writing of others, needs to become informed about copyright and fair use. An excellent discussion of copyright infringement is Brad Templeton’s 10 Big Myths about copyright explained. An academic take on plagiarism useful to students can be found on the University of Wisconsin-Platteville library site. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 "Home" Idioms and Expressions50 Latin Phrases You Should KnowThe Difference Between "Shade" and "Shadow"

Greater Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Greater Middle East - Essay Example This unique geography is one that has caused the regions of Palestine, Israel, Lebanon, and Syria to have a direct linkage to trade. Due to the fact that this region serves as a conduit between Asia, Africa, and Europe, the level and amount of trade that has historically flowed through this region is profound and has affected the cultural and economic development of these regions to a high degree. By means of contrast, the desert areas of the Arabian Peninsula have historically not held a great level of importance; however, with the discovery of vast oil resources within these areas, the economic power of Saudi Arabia and other Gulf States has grown astronomically. By means of comparison and measurement, the region of Egypt has historically held a profoundly powerful dynamic in the region not only as a result of the water resource of the Nile that it controls but also the powerful conduit between Africa, Asia, and Eurasia (Taguem, 2010). By much the same level of measurement, the sustenance and developmental power that the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers have been able to provide the area known as the Fertile Crescent has allowed the region that is defined by the modern day state of Iraq to develop in a manner that other Middle Eastern states were envious of over the past several hundred, and even thousands, of years (Mahmood, 2013). At the time that European powers came to colonize parts of the Middle East, they were surprised by the level of development and military strength that the Arabs living within the Fertile Crescent were able to engage. This was no doubt the result of the fact that geography had played a powerful role in providing this particular region with the much needed resource of water; subsequently allowing this particular area to develop to an extent that other areas throughout the Middle East could only dream of

Aspects of Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Aspects of Psychology - Essay Example The validity of the study can be accounted both by the objective nature of the study which includes behavioral patterns and the subjective nature that includes the experiences and feelings of an individual. The data collected also accounts for the uniqueness and hence the validity of the study. However, as the case study results cannot be replicated, the reliability measures of the study are generally very low. When the case study pertains to a specific individual the results cannot be generalized to a larger population as they cannot be considered to represent a particular population. The major advantages of the case study method includes the following: in-depth analysis of a case may at times provide insights to a new phenomena which in turn could stimulate a new research, additionally these new findings can contradict existing theories and lead to establishment of newer treatment modalities, a detailed view of the process or phenomena can be obtained through a case study, and inve stigation of extreme and inaccessible conditions. Despite the many advantages, the case study method also suffers from many disadvantages such as low replication and reliability measures, the study data and its interpretation can be influenced by the researcher’s thoughts resulting in researcher bias, documentation depends entirely on the memory of the individual which can result in inclusion of only those factors that are livid in the minds of the people and exclusion of other possible factors which are vaguely remembered and finally as the results of a case study cannot be easily replicated it if difficult to generalize them to a particular population (The case study method, n.d). Naturalistic observation method involves observing the behavior of an organism in its natural surroundings. The method requires no obstruction either from the investigator or the method used to collect data which would affect the behavior of the organism under study.

FreshTec Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

FreshTec - Essay Example The growers of fresh produce always compete against senescence. The growers have a tendency to harvest the fruits and vegetables before they are ripened in a proper manner. This in turn has a negative impact on the nutritional value and the quality of these fruits and vegetables. The loss of fruits and vegetables after harvest was an issue globally. The high content of water as well as the soft texture of the plants and vegetables increased the chances of physical injury. The fruits and vegetables were affected by the injury caused due to the extreme hot and cold temperature. This resulted in significant effects like rapid decay due to the freezing or high temperatures. Moreover, in the post harvest produce diseases are caused by bacteria and fungi. It is generally spread by various microscopic spores. As a result it is not often visible by the producers, packers and the retailers. The main purpose of fresh produce is to supply fresh food worldwide (Fresh Tec, 2011a). It has come up with the Smart Pac Systems solution to provide a solution to the aforementioned issue. Fresh Tec has come up with a technology which is distinguished from the other technologies because of its two aspects (Fresh Tec, 2011b). The effective way of exchanging heat from the box complied with that of the industry pressurized cooling has a positive impact on the fresh produce. It also has a natural oxidation purification system which cleans as well as sterilizes the produce while it is in transit. This technology will help to reduce the damage caused due to the environmental factors. The Passive Modified Atmosphere Packaging provided by Fresh Tec extends the life of the fresh produce. It also helps to pick the fresh produce after its ripening and deliver it to the customers with improved quality and cheaper means of transport. The natural oxidation system of Smart Pac has a food safety solution which is differentiated from that of the traditional MAP systems. The strict standards related to the quality, ripeness and food safety will help Fresh Tec to succeed in its purpose. However, there are some other factors which might act as a barrier to the success of Fresh Tec. One such barrier is the consumer switching costs. Moreover there is an increasing rivalry from the existing companies in the fresh produce industry. This arises mainly because of the price competition and high values of fixed costs. The increasing rivalry among the existing companies in the fresh produce industry can create a barrier in the success of the company. As already mentioned earlier, the rivalry among the existing companies in the fresh produce industry can act as a barrier to the success of Fresh Tec. The company hopes to attract and win the customers because of the quality, subsidiary servicing and brand imaging. The company needs to choose the right strategy in order to achieve competitive advantage over its competitors. The Smart Pac technology is a unique technology in the fresh produce transporting chain. Fresh Tec is having the advantage to lead the industry by effective utilization of this technology. The right strategy to acquire a leading position in the market is by implementing the Smart Pac techn

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Research Paper Example However, as the industry grew the early manufacturers could not keep pace with the technology that advanced in so many directions all at the same time. Vertical integration in the industry became difficult as there were too many technologies and manufacturing intricacies. As a result specialist companies emerged that mass-produced specialized components and supply it to several computer manufacturers. This form of outsourcing worked cheaper for computer manufacturers and many such as IBM, Sony, HP and Compaq abandoned the vertical integration model. They preferred to concentrate on efficient assembly and marketing their own brand computers instead of developing and R&D base and investing in it. Dell, however, preferred to continue with the shorter-value chain model by selling directly to customers, avoiding the intermediary commissions and costs associated with distribution through independent retailers. Gradually, companies such as HP even started outsourcing the assembly to contrac tors, while focusing on product design and marketing. All the vendors tried to minimize the amount of finished goods in dealer inventories and shorten the time it took to replenish dealer stocks. Dell stuck to its own business model of Built-to-Order (BOT). Dell’s supply chain efficiency had eroded between 2003 and 2006 when it peaked at five days on inventory supply. They found it difficult to get cooperation from other organizations and bureaucracy started prevailing within the organization. There was misalignment between its procurement and supply chain activities, and with its assembly line. Dell wanted to partner only with reputed suppliers rather than have 20 suppliers all supplying to all computers manufactures. They stuck to one or two suppliers and maintained long-term partnership with them. They however, brought down their inventory turn cycle from 32 days in 1995 to 7 days in 1998, and to four

Japanese Tea House Architecture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Japanese Tea House Architecture - Research Paper Example One would think that, with the profound implication of the tea ceremonies, that the tea houses would be elaborate. Actually, just the opposite is true – the houses are austere, simple. The features of the houses afford a way for the guests to hide from the outside world. This is because, as the opening sentence stated, they house another world, another reality. After all, the participants in the house, noblemen, peasant, warrior alike, are all equal. This is indicative of an alternate reality. Also, the ceremonies are a way for the people to leave their real life behind, and concentrate only on the moment. The tea house thus serves the same function as the tea ceremonies themselves – they are a way, if only for a few hours, to destroy class structure and the real world. Tea ceremonies came about through the practice of Buddhist Monks who needed to stay awake during their meditations, and later became a part of Zen rituals in honor of Bodhidharma, the Zen monks first patriarch.1 From this, the tea ceremonies became a place where friends gathered to discuss certain objects and their artistic merits, such as various paintings and calligraphy, flower arrangements and the utensils used for these ceremonies. 2 The tea host himself had to be adept at certain knowledge, such as what scrolls to hang during the ceremony, and the meaning of these scrolls, which presumed knowledge of classical literature.3 He also must have been conversant about the articles that are either displayed or used in the tea ceremony: utensils, the flowers, the distinction of the burning incense, the incense burner itself, the dipping ladle, the water heater vessel and the tea container. 4 He must have known the protocol of the ceremony – greeting and conversing with guests p roperly and the manners and courtesies that must be observed. In short, the tea host, or tea master, must have been cognizant of Japanese culture, as these ceremonies

A Short Diary of our History Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Short Diary of our History - Term Paper Example The defining event in the 19th Century of American history was the expansion of westward. In other words, it was not the simple story of â€Å"Empire of Liberty†. I am of the view that cited expansion in 60 years after the purchase of Louisiana in fact destroyed the Republic earlier than it was expected (Foner 63). After one hundred and fifty years of civil war, number of Americans blamed civil war of slavery. It did not necessarily mean to target specific segment of the society. The civil war provided American people a chance to face slavery as an issue boldly (Foner). In my own view, slavery around the globe in general and specifically in the modern world raised many eyebrows about the norms of a civilized society. This reminds me the era of free trading of slaves in the Roman Empire, which was at that time considered a civilized nation amongst the comity of nation. The Industrial Revolution, which spread over fifty years, played a key role toward economic my development. I consider it a great change in terms of conversion of hand knitted production to machine made production in the factory premises. The spinning and weaving machines, which were operated through the power of water switched over to steam power. This really helped me in boosting industrial growth. Further, there can be no difference of opinion amongst the architects of American economy that it has changed the American society and economy revolutionarily (Foner 107). Apart from other economies involved in the First World War, the war in question proved blessings in disguise for me and the American people in terms of rapid growth of their economy. I can say that mentioned War increased many opportunities of employment, remuneration for us besides handsome profits to the indigenous industry. Out of this war, America becomes the great power of the world as well as the most favored credit

Creative Clusters & Gentrification with focus on the Hoxton area in Essay

Creative Clusters & Gentrification with focus on the Hoxton area in London - Essay Example Generally a large proportion of the urban populations are migratory. Many a times, people carry their native culture even after migration from the native place. So a city reflects spectrum of cultures. The interesting part is that people stick to their own individual values, ethos, beliefs and habits in the same city. After staying as neighbours for years after years people exchange their values and cultures. So an overlap or mixed cultures are observed on most of the big cities in the world. That is why these are known as cosmopolitan cities. The different types of cultures from different parts of the cities get blended and come out as a single or uniform culture of the city. Commonly it is observed that, in every city a number of clusters are there. These are basically geographical clusters with professional and other similar interest. If lessons can be taken from history it can be found that, initially social clusters were formed because of division of labour. It makes business sense and help people grow professionally if they are close to the profession cluster. It provides the required framework for information generation, frequent experimentation for the development of skill and product. Considering art and culture as the binding and common factor there are many cultural clusters or hubs present in the world. The globally famous cultural cities are London, Shanghai, New York, Sydney, Tokyo, Istanbul, Johannesburg and many more. According to the report of World cities cultural forum, 22 leading cultural cities are there in the world. The forum periodically organizes World Cities Culture Summit to increase the connectivity among the cities and upgrade them according to the global standard. New cities are also invited to join the league Every professional groups and likeminded people have similar mind-set. So it becomes easier for them to exchange their views and thoughts. Russo (1985) mentioned that according to a number of studies,

International business class (Discussion Board) Assignment - 6

International business class (Discussion Board) - Assignment Example Demand of the product being exported should not necessarily have an extensive market platform. It should be more of intensive in order to ensure specified products for the sophisticated intensive market. Third is a countys relationship with other enterprises. This relation ensures a healthy competitive platform in related industries. The competition enables production of more quality products. Lastly are the firm strategy and rivalry conditions. Strategy depends on a countrys managerial ability and decision making, the formulation of different strategies must always take the importing countries into consideration. Rivalry ensures strength and dominance in the market. Texas cotton production took care of demand and rivalry by ensuring consumers got high quality cotton to beat their rivals. Their strategies consisted of introducing innovation into production process. The answer number three vividly explains the four factors. The answer on demand is contradictory. Demand should depend on an intensive foreign market and not a domestic sophisticated market. The issue is on import not domestic market. In its relation to Texas cotton producers the answer is vague on how exactly the Texans used the factors to improve their own

Are GM crops the state of the art of intensive agriculture or a step Essay

Are GM crops the state of the art of intensive agriculture or a step too far Discuss with reference to the conservation of nature - Essay Example ild species of plants such as corn or blueberries, then you will notice that their fruit is much smaller than that of varieties sold in the local grocery store (p.9). The reason for this difference in size he explains is that for centuries, farmers have sought to improve the size –and other characteristics- of the crops they grow. This allows them to produce a greater volume of food per acre of land, and it produced more food to feed people. GM foods have been around for much longer than most people know, in fact in the U.S, and 30% of Americans have been eating food made from GM crops since the year 1998 when the first Flar-Savr Tomato was introduced into the U.S supermarkets. Still, even with hundreds of millions of people around the world eating GM foods for more than a decade, controversy over the use of this technology remains very high all over the world (Diehl Paul 2014:1). This controversy is mostly fired up by the fact that GM foods were released into the market without the public knowledge. The Real Truth Magazine (2014), states that several reasons as to why the GM food issue has remained a huge topic for discussion and controversy around the world (p. 1-2). Biotech corporations market their products by selling the idea that they are ideal solutions to nutrition, world hunger and the environment yet all these foods have managed to do to attract speculations and fear about their possible side effects to the hu man race. To further explain this, The Real Truth Magazine lists these areas of controversy; Producers of GM crops claim that their genetically altered crops are more nutritious than natural crops. The promoters of ‘Golden Rice’ said that this rice was more superior to natural rich in vitamin A among other nutrients. After several tests, this rice was discovered to be inferior to natural rice. This lie was uncovered by Ticciati and Ticciati (1998), the authors of â€Å"Genetically Engineered Foods: Are They Safe? You Decide." They present

Types Of Forward Error Correction

Types Of Forward Error Correction Error correcting codes are important in protecting transmitted data. In this paper we introduce the forward error correction (FECs) about the background of it INTRODUCTION, how they works, explain the principles of forward error correcting codes (FECs) Principles of FECs. And we also introduce the different types of FECs and how they work in internet and wireless communications TYPES of FECs. Index Terms-forward error correction (FECs), Error Correction Code, internet, wireless. INTRODUCTION Forward Error Correction code is a data code which is used in error control for data transmission. In FEC which using FECs, the receiver not only can catch transmission error, but also determine where the error happened by binary symbol and correct it. Different from ARQ, FEC is applied to the relatively costly retransmissions. Whats more, in order to recover corrupted data, FEC information is usually added to mass storage devices. The advantage of forward error correction is that retransmission of data can often be avoided. Digital communication systems also use FEC to minimum SNR. When the channel errors tend to occur in bursts, FEC coded data can reduce the all or nothing properties of transmitted FEC codes. [1] But this advantage is based on the cost of higher bandwidth requirements on average, which means that FEC is applied in situations where retransmissions are relatively expensive or impossible. 2 PRINCIPLES of FECs Forward error correction code (FECs) is a data codes which is used in FEC system for data transmission. Because of the FECs, the sender adds to its messages by using a predetermined algorithm, the receiver can detect and correct errors without asking the sender for additional data. Not all the errors can be corrected by the same design of the code, thus, various conditions need different FEC codes to match. Furthermore, many FEC algorithms can take analog data in, and put digital data out. There are two basic ways to code, linear block code and cycle code. But they share the similar principle. When we send k bits date and use linear block codes to correct it, the transmission system will reconstruct n bits code word by multiplied n*k generator matrix such that we can tolerate k-n losses. And when then receiver get the n bits code word, and multiplied the n bits code by HT matrix n*(n-k) matrix composed by the unit matrix and arbitrary matrix. It will control the error and rectify the error by using the result of the last multiplied. Final, the decoder will reconstruct the date like the picture. To check large data we need lots of work. And consider about the strength and accuracy, the linear block codes are not easy to implement in hardware. The cycle codes are easier to implement than linear block code by using shift registers. The sender multiplies the data by order of generator polynomial P(x) to create code word. And in receiver, it divides receive code by P(x) to get the syndrome and find where the error is. Then the decoder will reconstruct the date. 3 TYPES of FECs Block codes and Convolution codes The two main types of FECs are block codes and convolution codes. In this section, we will talk about the different bound of each of them and compare those advantages and disadvantage. Block codes work on fixed length blocks of bits or symbols of predetermined size. It encode the data by multiple a complex matrix and in receiver, the decoder will reconstruct the data and correct the errors. There are many types of block codes such as BCH codes and Hamming codes. Convolution codes work on bit or symbol streams, which have arbitrary length. In general, they are decoded with the Viterbi algorithm. While increasing constraint length of the convolution code, it allows asymptotically optimal decoding efficiency, its still at the expense of exponentially increasing complexity. [2] It encodes k bits information into n bits symbols. Because k and n is small, it is easy to transmission. Different from Block code, the n bits code work not only depend on the k bits date, but also depend on the forward symbols. Convolution codes are used in numerous applications such as digital video, radio, mobile communication, and satellite communication. It is high speed and efficient. In another word, we can choose which types FECs can be used in our system by we need. But Reed-Solomon coding (RS) is the most widely used because it strange ability in error control. Now we introduce some types of FECs. CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check is the most important of linear group codes and the most commonly used error checking code. Its information field and check the length of the field can be arbitrarily selected. A CRC is formed by date and check code. The senders code the source data and send the check code behind the data. And the receivers yet code the data via the same way and compare the check code with the result. The advantage of CRC is that it is easy to use in computer and digital components because it is formed by binary code. But the codes length is large and it takes more unwanted time and channels. An example of using CRC code is the FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Array). During device operation, it can make continual verification of the CRAM contents feasible by using hard CRC checker. The CRC is guaranteed to detect multi-bit errors. Integrating CRC circuitry on-chip in hard gates has many benefits, for example, the circuitry is capable of performing without failure under a wide range of conditions and not susceptible to soft errors. Furthermore, the CRC circuit is a self-contained block and is enabled simply. [3] BCH code and R-S code: BCH code can check and correct multiple random errors in model multi-level, cycle, error correction, variable-length digital code. It is a non-binary codes. Reed-Solomon is encompassed from BCH. It is made up of n symbols, and each of the symbols is m bits long. [4] After coding, it adds t check symbols to the data, and the decoder can use an R-S code to detect any errors of up to t symbols, and correct up to t/2 errors. It is more complex then simple of CRC and has strong error correction ability. It is widely used in mass data storage system such as DVD, e-Reader and some game systems to correct the burst errors. And the R-S code also can be use to overcome the unreliable condition of data transmissions. An application of R-S codes was to correct the data sent back by Voyager. It is significant that R-S code is used in satellite transmission. Because R-S code gains much bandwidth need to net transition, so we cant use it in internet. Turbo Code: Turbo codes come from serial concatenated codes which based on an outer Reed-Solomon error correction code. Turbo Codes are well- performance FECs, which is the first practical code to closely approach the channel capacity. They combine a variety of ways of encoding and decoding. The encoders reconstruct the data into three parts -one m bits data and two n/2 bits code. And in receiver, two interconnected decoders are used to avoid error bursts. There are two different type of Turbo Code Turbo Convolution Code (TCC) and Block Turbo Code (BTC) [5]. One is base on Convolution code and the other is Block code. The Turbo Convolution Code has greater correction ability than BTC and is widely used in wireless communication while Block Turbo Code shows better performance at high code rate and suits for optical communication systems. 4. FECs in WIRELESS and INTERNET FECs in wireless High-speed multimedia data transmission is vulnerable to burst errors primarily due to the structure. The quality of service (QoS) of a wireless network is largely dependent on the link stability and availability and the error probability. FECs minimize the effects of multipart fading to enhance the QoS by adding check code in the transmitted data. And in all kinks of FECs, the R-S code has the most strong error correction ability. And R-S codes are effective in minimizing the irrecoverable system problems which are aroused by burst errors in high speed data traffic and reducing the bit error rate [6]. As a result, the wireless link is higher availability and E/N is dropped. So both in industry wireless net and wireless transmission, it is in widespread. And now in BWA, an R-S (204,188) has been put forward. It can diffuse a number of errors in one point to some small error. And the error will been corrected in decoder. FECs in internet FECs is applied in internet is a new development research problem in recently decennium. In internet, FECs adapt to complete more address transmission. First, people think about the R-S code because it reliability. And R-S code is easy to be decoded. But R-S code needs a complex math operation. In long data transmission, it will take too long time and it may tribute network traffic jam by using R-S code. So R-S code just using in short length date transmission. And now most use the Tornado code in internet. Tornado code is a Low-density parity codes and constructed in a kind of non-formula picture. Spielman provide the Expander code in 1995 on the base of Low-density parity codes.[7] And in 1998, Byers J W, and Luby M put out the Tornado code on the base of it.[8] Tornado code can be coded in a linearity time. And it has a quickly spread speed than R-S code. This is the structure of Tornado code. By using FECs, the speed of transmission in internet will be decreased with less retransmission. And FECs also can avoid the blocking and ensuring internet reliability when we transmit data in internet. Comparing the application of FECs between in internet and wireless, we can get the conclusion. The wireless need higher QoS and can provide more bandwidth to transmit data. So we use R-S code or Turbo Convolution Code to enhance the availability of links to get high QoS. While in internet, R-S code will take more time in encoding and decoding and in internet retransmit isnt cost a lot so we use Tornado instead or just use ARQ only. 5. CONCLUSION and REFLECTION As FEC uses excess information to locate the errors and correct them without further communication with the sender, it is generally effective when there is a high degree of corre- lation in the error. We can see that there are many advantages of FEC: it sometimes has no feedback channel necessary; it has long delay path; it is one-way transmission; it is useful for multi- cast, etc. Despite of these, FEC also meets some problems: it needs high bandwidth, thus it is computationally expensive; it requires over-transmission, etc. Therefore, FEC is not extensively used at the packet level. So in the next step, we need build new protocol and update our modern FECs to get higher QoS and speed of encoding and decoding such as Tornado code and RS (204, 188). And we also need to update our FEC to seek new way to construct FECs. 6. EVALUATION After this assignment, we take a further step in learning FECs. We become much more clearly about the different types of FECs, including their strengths and weaknesses and how they work. At first, we just surfed on the internet and collected any useful information about FECs we could find. Nevertheless, we found that the resources were limited and decentralized. In order to explain the fundamental of FECs clearly, we borrowed some books from library and then solved the problems we met. Although the process of doing research and selecting useful information is plain and boring, we benefit a lot from it. We not only learn about the knowledge, but also got some researching experience.

Influence Of Wwi On The Home Front Australia History Essay

Influence Of Wwi On The Home Front Australia History Essay In this task your first paragraph does not need to be very long. It simply needs to make a general statement about the arguments for and against Federation. You should mention all arguments that you plan to develop in your essay. In this paragraph you should clearly explain your first argument using detailed, accurate information. It should begin with a topic sentence which clearly states the argument you are going to discuss. In this paragraph you should clearly explain your next argument using detailed, accurate information. It should begin with a topic sentence which clearly states the argument you are going to discuss. In this paragraph you should clearly explain your next argument using detailed, accurate information. It should begin with a topic sentence which clearly states the argument you are going to discuss. In this paragraph you should clearly explain your final argument using detailed, accurate information. It should begin with a topic sentence which clearly states the argument you are going to discuss. NB You should have as many paragraphs as you have arguments, followed by your conclusion. A brief paragraph which sums up the arguments for and against Federation, and makes some assessment of them. Vanessa Li 9R The Home Front During the unpredictable First World War, the countries involved were deeply affected in numerous ways, whether from economic issues to the downfall of the nations in general. One of these countries was the relatively unknown southern nation Australia, which served loyally to their mother country (Britain) and was commended on their part. Back on the Home Front in Australia, the influence of World War One and the repercussions were deep, along with the conflict going on overseas. While the all the able men were enlisted to serve in the War, the women and children were left in Australia to carry out daily routine as usual, yet women were a major factor in the Home Front, contributing to the conscription debate and public life in general. Although their usual work role was focused in the home, womens contribution in the workforce increased from 24 percent in 1914 to 37 percent for the following four years, yet this rise was mostly in the areas which women had traditionally worked in, such as clothing, footwear, food and printing but there was also a slight rise in the clerical, teaching and (shop) assistant occupations. Unions were originally hesitant to hire women to replace the mens role in the workforce as they predicted that the outcome would be bleak and undesirable. Also, as women did not fight in the War, they attempted to do as much as they could by earning jobs as stretcher bearers, car drivers and interpreters but the government blatantly refused to a llow this participation yet numerous womens organisations began to become actively involved at this time such as the Australian Womens National League, the Australian Red Cross, the Voluntary Aid Detachment, the Australian Womens Service Corps, the Womens Peace Army and the Womens Christian Temperance Union, which was the most effective organisation by having hotel hours limited in several states. This advancement in womens place in the workforce was a positive effect from the War, as there was no traditional male dominance present which allowed women to establish themselves as workers, bridging the gap between inequality, although the government did not allow women to participate in the War besides nursing, no matter how small the part. In Source 1, a man who has just returned from War is being refused an occupation as a clerk, as the manager is hiring women as their wages are lower. There are mixed messages in this cartoon, as it shows that women are no longer being shunned out of the workforce, but are still being paid less than men, despite the fact that they are doing the same jobs as a man would. From the beginning to the end of the War, the government extended its authority and was creating policies that received mixed reactions as they mostly consisted of revenue-earning schemes to subside the cost of sending the troops overseas, which ultimately affected the daily lives of Australians. Headed by William Morris Hughes, the leader of the Australian Labor Party, one of the major decisions that the government decided to pass was the War Precautions Act which gave the Commonwealth government ultimate power and control with anything related to the War such as passing laws that would have be affecting the Constitution (if the Act had not been approved of previously), raising and introducing new taxes and persecuting citizens that had an association with the enemy country without a fair trial. In 1916, Hughes (who was the Prime Minister at that time) declared a policy of conscription for those who were unwilling or morally opposed to the idea of force-fighting to maintain the strong numbers needed to support the troops overseas, as the current preposition stated that conscription was only allowed for service in Australia and so a referendum was held to decide the future of Australian troops. Many campaigns were organised and carried out, bitterly opposing the other with promises of patriotism and improved moral standards for Hughess side, while the other fought back declaring that the men that the government had sent overseas were condemned to kill and die and consequentially questioning the difference they would make in the War. Ultimately, the referendum failed to achieve its proposed aim, losing by a mere 49-50 percent of the total. But Hughes again declared another referendum in 1917 on the controversial issue and yet was defeated again. The conscription debate was one of the most heated arguments in Australia during World War I, with many opposing the idea of sending the troops into foreign land where they had no aid in their quest, whilst others rejected the notion with patriotism and fighting to establish Australias identity in the world, yet the overall decision was the same for both referendums: conscription was rejected in Australia which saved many troops from death if they were forced to go fight for their country. In Source 2, the figure of Death, the Grim Reaper, is standing over a man who is in his decision whether to vote for conscription or not. This cartoon portrays conscription as a completely undesirable choice, showing that if chosen, the outcome would be something as worse as death itself. It is also a metaphor for the events ahead if conscription was allowed; the troops being killed and if this law was passed. During the War, Australias economy was slightly unstable but not entirely affected; the raw materials found in regional and local areas were of high value yet there was a centralised taxation to compensate for the expensive send-over of the troops, just when there was a boom in the workforce of women. The taxing was also influenced by the need of a stable government and the income tax for workers, which increased the cost of standard living for ordinary Australians with regular staples being overpriced and also the new introduced taxes to cope with as well. The working-class were affected the most, as they believed that they were exploited during the War, working overtime with the anxiety growing for those at War. After the War, the workforce was challenged by the younger generation of men and veterans who had returned that were plagued with psychological/welfare/health problems which consequentially led to the decrease in industrial activity, with the loss of life affecting the work force and the economy altogether. There was also the issue of the infiltration of enemy aliens in Australia, which were the foreign citizens that were currently residing in the country as they were considered as the adversary in the War and were forced into intern camps/ prisons, until they were no longer seen as enemies. This revelation affected mostly the German population in Australia, even those who were trusted and fit in, as they were victimised and imprisoned yet they were seen as the top respected nationality due to their race in the White Australia policy, with the British at the top of the ladder and the Germans following closely by. Any publication or anything German-related that was featured in Australia, including towns and even the German-sounding names, were prohibited. After the War dissipated, the prisoners were released and no longer considered an enemy, yet they retained a hostile attitude towards Australia for the successive years as a minority were deported but many managed to escape persecution. In Source 3, an Australian child is persuading his mother to choose the decision that will not affect the family lifestyle, appealing to all the Australian citizens that numerous families will be incomplete if this preposition was allowed to go ahead. If that particular vote was given the go-ahead, many Australian fathers would be missing from society and consequentially earning many single-families a harder life. Overall, the influence and effect of World War One deeply impacted the Home Front in Australia with the damaging issues of the economy, the positive and negative effects of women in the male-dominated workforce and the hostility to those in Australia who were convicted of fraternising with the enemy. SOURCE 1: Caption: A man who has just returned from War being rejected from employment as womens wages are lower than a mans. Sign: Vacancies for Female Clerks, Wages: 25 shillings Per Week Origin: Cartoon from The Worker, 10 February 1916. Website: http://www.anzacday.org.au/history/ww1/homefront/women.html SOURCE 2: Caption: The Grim Reaper, represented as Death, stands over a man who is voting. Text: The Death Ballot, Polling Day, December 20, VOTE NO, (unintelligible text) Origin: Cartoon from the The Worker, 7 December 1916 Website: http://www.anzacday.org.au/history/ww1/homefront/homefront.html SOURCE 3: Caption: A child is pleading for his mother to vote YES in order not to force his father to War. Text: Australian Nationalists, Married Men are EXEMPT if the Government Proposals are CARRIED, but if they are REJECTED, ALL will have TO GO. VOTE YES MUM, or else theyll take DAD. VOTE YES. Origin: (Unintelligible text in lower left hand corner) Website: http://www.anzacday.org.au/history/ww1/homefront/homefront.html

The Enterprise Resource Planning At Reebok Business Essay

The Enterprise Resource Planning At Reebok Business Essay Reebok introduces products into the market on seasonal and annual basis. Their product infusion into market is at least five to seven times in given calendar year. On an average it takes 18 months to produce a new product from scratch, however the exemption being quick to market products which takes more no more than 3 months to be produced. The network and rapport with the suppliers and distributors is immense to facilitate faster times to gain industry feedback, to send out new goods faster to the shelves. Challenges which ERP implementation addressed The common challenges which Reebok had owing to the size of its huge customer base and disbursed manufacturing facilities. Globe sales network and varied preferences. To satisfy this, Reebok wanted a systems solution which can actually lower the product development time, condense stats from all quarters of the world of both B2B and B2C information at a click of a button away. Was ERP really able to help them to address their concern is what is analyzed in the following slides. Past Environment The information that the company had was all scattered and it was as small islands, hence retrieving them was difficult. The transparency of information was there. Obsolete information was getting stacked and technology at factory was outdated and off shore of the administration to monitor. Command over process was lost. All this lead to high stress levels of employees. Image 1 is pictorial representation of the past environment Image 1. Current Environment Huge investments into automation, lead to a change in scenario. Through internet factory activities were monitored. Computerization means single data base with high transparency and latest information at just a click away. There is no manipulation of data. This also has led to relatively lower stress levels. Image 2. Key attributes of current environment Centralized information storage has enabled book keeping of entire full-fledged product information irrespective of the area they are manufactured and underlying technology. This advanced feature of digital environment has helped in command and control of the entire process and create digitally generated images of finished goods would look like. Association and tagging of products with respective categories is made easy, this paves way for future enhancement of product portfolio with much fuss and worrying about data loss or pattern miss-match. Internet, common platform ERP makes 24/7 contact with all divisions (from suppliers to vendors) of the supply chain. Industry triggers are indicated automatically. Results of ERP implementation in product development ERP implementation has helped the company to manage a product line of 15complete seasons seamlessly. 45000 + files are stored electronically in the information storage system. Milestone capping has risen from 2 footwear and 3 apparel to 8 and 9 respectively. E (Electronic) HUB Supplier: Role of ERP The present statistics of logistics: 5,000 + purchase orders per month 40 Main Footwear Factories in 8 Countries 600 Apparel Factories in 29 Countries 450 Raw Material Suppliers 27 Freight Forwarders Transportation modes include Ship, Truck, Rail and Air 34 Custom Brokers This section of the paper discusses the supplier aspect of the supply chain, the role of internet technology in extending the computerization from basic ERP to PLM (Product lifecycle Management) systems. These systems have made life simple, improved operational efficiency by automatically accept purchase orders placed and distribute them to respective departments and production facilities across the globe. It also tracks information of shipping details, track the work in process (WIP) and last but not least publish new labels and images. Old supply chain model Image 3. Image 3 above demonstrates how the previous supply chain system was highly unorganized and cluttered. Such a formation would result in loss, manipulation of information, lead to fuss at every stage of the process and production. The modes of communication too were very primitive, slow, unreliable source such as Fax, Mail, Couriers, site visits, EDI, proprietary file transfers. New Supply Chain Image 4. Image 4 is clear representation of highly organised with a e-hub which acts as single point of contact for all the divisions of supply chain. This agile system ensures instant data transmission without loss or theft in data. Retrieval of information is made a breeze. Communication mode is state of the art Business-to-Business data sharing /Vendor Neutral E-Hub/ Hosted Environment (ASP model), Workflow, message alerts, back office integration with reporting capabilities. Result of revised supply chain Revised supply chain has help achieve increased operational efficiency through electronic transmission of order information directly into the factory systems with added accuracy, lower administration cost. The same system is implemented for newer and upcoming production facilities too. Common platform for process supervision and software as standard across the entire supply chain including small suppliers has benefited in order tracking and back order retrieval prompt. Purchase order mandate is now getting logged automatically which helps finance division of the company to get file year end taxes with little or no fuss. Purchase order can be reprinted at any point in time, while pre- delivered reports can be managed with the tool to over-ride purchase order activity. Recommendations Looking at ERP implementation from the higher level management perspective, obtain the leadership of executives of the organization, get the involved in the process for them understand better the need/ use of this technology in the interest of organizational development. Try and balance the top-down objectives allowing leverage for improving economies of scale and job satisfaction across al verticals of the hierarchy. Implementation process must be gradual and progressive. Sudden rush on improvement in technology and/or drastic development (big-bang implementations) should be avoided in order retain the culture within the organization, to boost employee morale. The ideal development/ implementation phase would be once in every 3 to 6 months. Finance department of the all organizations must take into miscellaneous expenses, include the process down time, employee training costs as part of the budget as this is a substantial quantum over the expected cost of ERP (both software and hardware necessary). Organizations working on seasonal business must ensure that the project lead in and lead out should not fall during the peak of the season as it might result in business getting affected. Adhere in strong project methodology and focus attention on issues and off plan items.If possible, defer most complex technology challenges until team has mastered the technology and gained confidence. Selection of the vendor (service/ support provider of ERP) has to be done after detailed market study. ERP package which allow future expansion must only be selected. Organizations must keep off from software that is not the best fit for the organization.

Picks Disease Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Pick's Disease Pick's disease is a form of dementia characterized by a progressive and irreversible deterioration of social skills and changes in personality, along with impairment of intellect, memory, and language. In 1892 Arnold Pick, a German neurologist studied a patient who in his life had dementia and lost of speech. When the patient died, his brain shrunk, with the brain cells having died (atrophied) in the specific areas of the brain. In Pick’s disease, the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain are most affected. Changes occur in the cerebral cortex (which is how the frontal lobe is affected.) Pick's disease affects the temporal lobes of the brain in 25%, frontal lobes in 25% and both frontal and temporal lobes in 50% of cases (1). Damage to the frontal lobes leads to alterations in personality and behavior, changes in the way a person feels and expresses emotion, and loss of judgment. On a microscopic level, there is severe neuron damage in the cerebral cortex. The brain cells in these areas are found to be abnormal and swollen. These abnormal cells define Pick’s disease and are called Pick’s cells. Pick’s disease is often confused with Alzheimer’s disease where the degeneration generally affects mostly the temporal and the parietal lobes of the brain (2). When such typical cells are not seen on post-mortem examination but the same areas of the brain are affected by cell death the case may be described as Pick's syndrome (3). In the early stages of Pick’s disease, unlike Alzheimer’s in its early stages, the patient can recognize people and places. Usually, an infected person is diagnosed with "probable Alzheimer’s", it is later discovered that the patient has Pick’s disease (2). There are three stages of the d... ...s exist as an inherited disease in some families. The majority of case studies show that the patients affected have no family history of the disease. The rate of progression varies enormously between people ranging from a duration from 2-15 years (2). The death is usually caused by infection. Medication can be used to treat some of the behavioral problems. Pick’s disease alone is a very mentally and physically draining disease but along with medication, it maybe almost impossible for patients to continue a normal life once they are diagnosed with the disease and begin treatment. Sources 1)Frontal Lobe Dementia and Pick’s Disease, http://www.alznsw.asn.au/library/picks.htm 2)Pick’s Disease from Alzheimer’s Outreach, http://www.zarcrom.com/users/alzheimers/odem/pk1.html 3)CANDID Fact Sheets, http://www.candid.ion.ucl.ac.uk/candid/factsheets/facts1.htm

Keyspan analysis :: essays research papers

About Keyspan Keyspan, a member of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, is the largest distributor of natural gas in the Northeast. In New York State, Keyspan is also the largest investor-owned electric generator. Keyspan has select investments along the gas supply chain as well as a dynamic portfolio of energy service companies. Keyspan’s acquisitions of Eastern Enterprises and EnergyNorth made them the largest gas Distribution Company in the northeast. They have 2.5 million gas customers, including customers in the lucrative New England market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Keyspan has a solid gas distribution, with 1.7 million customers in New York City and Long Island. They have an additional 800,000 customers in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Keyspan’s gas utilities are the core drivers of the company and they intend to capitalize on the tremendous growth potential. Keyspan also provides electric service to 1.1 million Long Island Port Authority customers. Keyspan owns and operates over 6,200 megawatts of generating capacity. They plan to add 250 megawatts of electrical generation to New York City by 2003, as well as another 250 to 300 megawatts to Long Island by 2004.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Keyspan’s Energy Services business provides a full array of energy products to the immense Northeast market. Its energy investments sector includes a solid exploration and production business, as well as other investments that utilize their gas and electric core competencies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Keyspan is making investments in new technologies that will benefit its relationship with its customers. Their new technological device is the use of its E-Commerce investment in MyHomeKey.com. This is an Internet portal, which helps customers manage their energy needs. The current mission of Keyspan is to become the premier energy and Services Company in the Northeastern United States, providing a full range of products and services. Its priorities are to grow the core regulated business, to build the energy service business, as well as continuing to grow organically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The goal of Keyspan is to grow its customer base. They would like to be able to sell new products and services, extend their management over a large base, and provide an economy needed for technology investments. Financial Position   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Keyspan is financially solid with a +4 billion ‘market cap’, a healthy dividend, yields of 5-6%, and a strong balance sheet. Keyspans 52 week high was 43.63, while its low was 29.10. Its EBIT (Earnings Before Income Taxes) for the year 2000 is 720 million. For 1999 the EBIT was 529 million.

Oliver Twist :: essays research papers

Oliver Twist By: Charles Dickens Oliver Twist provides insight into the experience of the poor in 1830s England. Beneath the novel’s raucous humor and flights of fancy runs an undertone of bitter criticism of the Victorian middle class's attitudes toward the poor. Oliver is a near perfect example of the hypocrisy and venality of the legal system, workhouses, and middle class moral values and marriage practices of 1830s England. As a child, Dickens endured the harsh conditions of poverty. His family was imprisoned for debt, and Dickens was forced to work in a factory at age twelve. These experiences haunted him for the rest of his life. The misery of his childhood is a recurrent theme in his novels. Oliver Twist expresses the unfortunate situation of the orphaned child. Oliver suffers the cruelty of hypocritical workhouse officials, prejudiced judges, and hardened criminals. Throughout the novel, his virtuous nature survives the unbelievable misery of his situation. Oliver's experiences demonstrate the legal silence and invisibility of the poor. In 1830s England, wealth determined voting rights. Therefore, the poor had no say in the laws that governed their lives, and the Poor Laws strictly regulated the ability to seek relief. Since begging was illegal, workhouses were the only sources of relief. The workhouses were made to be deliberately unpleasant in order to discourage the poor from seeking their relief. The Victorian middle class assumed that the poor were uncontroleable due to their state of nature and immorality. Since the poor had no voting rights, the State chose to recognize their existence only when they commited crimes, died, or entered the workhouses. Dickens' Oliver Twist is one sympathetic portrayal among dozens of vicious, stereotypical portrayals of the poor. However, Dickens himself exhibits middle class prejudice. He reproduces the worst anti-Semitic stereotypes in Fagin, the "villainous old Jew." The portrayal of Noah Claypole, the dirty charity boy, reveals some of the stereotypes of the poor that Dickens criticizes.

Electric Discharge Machining

ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING INTRODUCTION * Sometimes it is referred to as spark machining, * Its a manufacturing process whereby a desired shape is obtained using electrical discharges (sparks). * Material is removed from the workpiece by a series of rapidly recurring current discharges between two electrodes, separated by a dielectric liquid and subject to an electric voltage. * One of the electrodes – ‘tool-electrode’ or ‘tool’ or ‘electrode’. * Other electrode – workpiece-electrode or ‘workpiece’. As distance between the two electrodes is reduced, the current intensity becomes greater than the strength of the dielectric (at least in some points) causing it to break. * EDM is a machining method primarily used for hard metals or those that would be very difficult to machine with traditional techniques. * EDM typically works with materials that are electrically conductive, although methods for machining insulating cer amics with EDM have been proposed. * EDM can cut intricate contours or cavities in hardened steel without the need for heat treatment to soften and re-harden them. This method can be used with any other metal or metal alloy such as titanium, hastelloy, kovar, and inconel. EDM – Working Principle * It is a process of metal removal based on the principle of material removal by an interrupted electric spark discharge between the electrode tool and the work piece. * In EDM, a potential difference is applied between the tool and workpiece. * Essential – Both tool and work material are to be conductors. * The tool and work material are immersed in a dielectric medium. * Generally kerosene or deionised water is used as the dielectric medium. A gap is maintained between the tool and the workpiece. * Depending upon the applied potential difference (50 to 450 V) and the gap between the tool and workpiece, an electric field would be established. * Generally the tool is connected to the negative terminal (cathode) of the generator and the workpiece is connected to positive terminal (anode). * The high speed electrons then impinge on the job and ions on the tool. * The kinetic energy of the electrons and ions on impact with the surface of the job and tool respectively would be converted into thermal energy or heat flux. Such intense localized heat flux leads to extreme instantaneous confined rise in temperature which would be in excess of 10,000oC. * Such localized extreme rise in temperature leads to material removal. * Material removal occurs due to instant vaporization of the material as well as due to melting. * The molten metal is not removed completely but only partially. EDM – Dielectric * In EDM, material removal mainly occurs due to thermal evaporation and melting. * As thermal processing is required to be carried out in absence of oxygen so that the process can be controlled and oxidation avoided. Oxidation often leads to poor surface conduct ivity (electrical) of the workpiece hindering further machining. * Hence, dielectric fluid should provide an oxygen free machining environment. * Further it should have enough strong dielectric resistance so that it does not breakdown electrically too easily. * But at the same time, it should ionize when electrons collide with its molecule. * Moreover, during sparking it should be thermally resistant as well. * Generally kerosene and deionised water is used as dielectric fluid in EDM. Electric Discharge Machining ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING INTRODUCTION * Sometimes it is referred to as spark machining, * Its a manufacturing process whereby a desired shape is obtained using electrical discharges (sparks). * Material is removed from the workpiece by a series of rapidly recurring current discharges between two electrodes, separated by a dielectric liquid and subject to an electric voltage. * One of the electrodes – ‘tool-electrode’ or ‘tool’ or ‘electrode’. * Other electrode – workpiece-electrode or ‘workpiece’. As distance between the two electrodes is reduced, the current intensity becomes greater than the strength of the dielectric (at least in some points) causing it to break. * EDM is a machining method primarily used for hard metals or those that would be very difficult to machine with traditional techniques. * EDM typically works with materials that are electrically conductive, although methods for machining insulating cer amics with EDM have been proposed. * EDM can cut intricate contours or cavities in hardened steel without the need for heat treatment to soften and re-harden them. This method can be used with any other metal or metal alloy such as titanium, hastelloy, kovar, and inconel. EDM – Working Principle * It is a process of metal removal based on the principle of material removal by an interrupted electric spark discharge between the electrode tool and the work piece. * In EDM, a potential difference is applied between the tool and workpiece. * Essential – Both tool and work material are to be conductors. * The tool and work material are immersed in a dielectric medium. * Generally kerosene or deionised water is used as the dielectric medium. A gap is maintained between the tool and the workpiece. * Depending upon the applied potential difference (50 to 450 V) and the gap between the tool and workpiece, an electric field would be established. * Generally the tool is connected to the negative terminal (cathode) of the generator and the workpiece is connected to positive terminal (anode). * The high speed electrons then impinge on the job and ions on the tool. * The kinetic energy of the electrons and ions on impact with the surface of the job and tool respectively would be converted into thermal energy or heat flux. Such intense localized heat flux leads to extreme instantaneous confined rise in temperature which would be in excess of 10,000oC. * Such localized extreme rise in temperature leads to material removal. * Material removal occurs due to instant vaporization of the material as well as due to melting. * The molten metal is not removed completely but only partially. EDM – Dielectric * In EDM, material removal mainly occurs due to thermal evaporation and melting. * As thermal processing is required to be carried out in absence of oxygen so that the process can be controlled and oxidation avoided. Oxidation often leads to poor surface conduct ivity (electrical) of the workpiece hindering further machining. * Hence, dielectric fluid should provide an oxygen free machining environment. * Further it should have enough strong dielectric resistance so that it does not breakdown electrically too easily. * But at the same time, it should ionize when electrons collide with its molecule. * Moreover, during sparking it should be thermally resistant as well. * Generally kerosene and deionised water is used as dielectric fluid in EDM.

Two Reviews of Angela Davis

Two Reviews of Angela Davis’ Women Race and Class (1983) By: Brittany Turnbull I. The Reviews a. Amy Winter [Women Race and Class] Off Our Backs, January-February Issue (2005) pp48-49 b. Ann Russo [Book Review]Women Studies International Forum, Volume 6, Number 2 (1983) pp249 II. Summary of Reviews a. Winter, Off Our Backs The reviewer focused on the different parts of history of the African American woman as well as the history of all women as a whole. She broke up the review by discussing each chapter to coincide with Davis’ break up of her book and focused on the important details of each chapter that she found Davis had brought out. Winter doesn’t offer much opinion within her review because she mainly sticks to the fact that the book is written about oppression of African American women and African American people and she mainly describes exactly what Davis wrote. However, Winter did offer some criticism when Davis had written about how women working in the factories and doing hard labor was more interesting than doing house work. Winter found that there was no difference because either way something needed to be cleaned. One just reaped the benefits of a paycheck while the other did not. This was a good and thorough review because not only did it look at the whole book but it looked at each individual chapter and the main points within each chapter. b. Russo, Women Studies International Forum There is a different approach to this review because it is basically an analysis of what Davis’ theme or overall meaning of the book was. Russo described the book in the sense that the book wasn’t about oppression of Black women or Black people. It was about comparing the Black women to White women the overall sexist oppression that they both had to overcome and still are overcoming. Russo described this book as a being a feminist book about feminism as a whole and the revolution of all women. There was no discussion about the history of oppression that Black women had to live with over time or anything along those lines. There was not mention of historical figures as well. This review was good in the sense that it was an analysis of the overall idea of the book, however I feel that Russo was completely wrong in her analysis. She failed to realize the exact struggles and the exact differences between White and Black women. She also failed to realize that the use of White women within the text was to compare how much more difficult Black women had had it over White women in terms of the sexual and racial discrimination that Black women have had to encounter and attempt to overcome throughout history.

Child Observation Report

Such studies are inducted by scientists or researchers wanting to study the behavior of an organism (including humans) in a natural setting. It can be useful in collecting data that clearly reflects the constraints of an organism's normal environment and in the case where experimental techniques would be impractical or unethical. This report outlines the data collected during the sessions with each child. Will refer to Piglet's Cognitive Development Theory to demonstrate how it is useful in determining different stages of development. I will also outline my observations of both children in terms of where they fit in regards to Piglet'sCognitive Development Theory. Setting My observations were of two siblings; a four year old girl and a five year old boy. I made arrangements to do the observation through a friend of mine, who has two children under the age of six. I have known this family for three years. The first observation was of the four year old girl (M), which took place on Aug ust 19, 2014 starting at 2:23 pm outside in the backyard of their home. Present was her older brother (T – 5 years old), her mother (J), a female friend of the family (C), a medium sized German shepherd, who is the family dog (K) and myself.The backyard was quite large with a large play center with a swing set attached. The sky was a little clouded over, but it was still warm outside. The adults were sitting on the deck around the patio table. The children were told was there to do some work. They did not really pay too much attention to me. I interacted a little with the adults at the table so that I did not seem out of place to the children. My presence did not seem to affect the children at all. Sat with my chair facing the whole backyard so that I could see the children at all times.The second observation was of the five ear old boy I made arrangements with the mother to do the second observation with this child later the same week. The observation took place on August 22 , 2014 at 1:08 pm outside in the backyard of their home. This family is preparing to move in one week; therefore the backyard Was the best place to do the observation at the home. Present was his younger sister (M- 4 years old), his mother 0), a medium sized German shepherd, who is the family dog (K) and myself. The backyard was quite large with a large play center with a swing set attached.The sky was a little clouded over, but it was till warm outside. The mother and I were sitting on the deck around the patio table. The children were told I was there again to do some work. They again did not really pay too much attention to me. I interacted a little with their mother at the table so that did not seem out of place to the children. My presence did not seem to affect the children at all. Sat with my chair facing the whole backyard so that could see the children at all times. Results l. Self-concept: M pointed out that she did her hair all by herself when C arrived and M also showed C her new purse.M also shows the ability to scribe how she is feeling about her brother s actions, â€Å"l don ‘t like it when T hits me with his sword† or when she tells T, â€Å"I want to be alone right now†. . Gross Motor Skills: M demonstrated gross motor skills indicative off normal 4 year old. During the time of observation she displayed running around the backyard both with her brother and with the family dog, walking over to the play center, climbing over the chair on the deck, somersaults in the grass and jumping off the chair and off the family friend's lap. Ill. Fine Motor Skills: M demonstrated normal fine motor skills.She cut open her fruit knack package with scissors without difficulty. She put on her own shoes (fastened believer) on the correct feet before going outside to play. IV. Vocal & Language Development: M demonstrated the ability to form sentences more than 4 to 6 words. For example; â€Å"l told you I want to be alone†. She showed the ability to ask ‘Why ‘ questions. She shows an understanding of prepositions when her mother told her that her purse was behind her. She does, however have some grammatical difficulties and people other than her family do have difficulty deciphering what she is saying at times.According to ere mother she has been seen by a Speech & Language Pathologist and will be working with them on her speech. V. Social & Emotional Development: M showed a lot of interest in playing with her brother; however was also fine playing with the family dog as well. She appeared to really enjoy the imaginative play with her brother while playing the sword fight; however did upset easily if the game was not going her way and did change the rules quite a bit to her brother's dismay. She was quite distracted by the family dog and tended to her a lot.She displayed some difficulty with moral reasoning on he swing set when she was calling her brother a â€Å"party pants† repeatedly until h e got upset. When her brother kept getting in trouble instead of her she did not seem to be aware of his feelings when he was upset, instead she kept antagonizing him. VI. Cognitive Development: M understands the concept of grouping and matching as displayed when she was helping her mother with the puzzle and when taking items out of her purse. She also showed the ability to count from 1 to 10 when she was taking the items out of her purse.She showed the ability to identify secondary colors when showing the family friend her new â€Å"pink† purse. She was able to answer simple questions. She was also able to identify common objects and what they are used for; for example the family dogs ball, scissors, hat. Results (Child T) l. Gross Motor Skills: T demonstrated gross motor skills indicative of a normal 5 year old. During the time of observation he displayed running around the backyard, skipping, jumping, walking on just his hands, doing handstands, and hanging on the bars up side down on the play centre.II. Fine Motor Skills: T demonstrated normal fine motor skills. He put on his own shoes (fastened by velour) on the correct feet before going outside to play. He was able to use scissors to open his sour patch kids, which was his snack that afternoon. Ill. Vocal & Language Development: T demonstrated the ability to form sentences more than 4 to 6 words. For example; â€Å"I'm goanna throw it really high†, â€Å"There is a wasp in your ear, Can I have friends over later†? He demonstrated the ability to ask â€Å"why† questions. He does not have any speech or grammatical difficulties.He appears to have met all of his developmental milestones for his age. VII. Social & Emotional Development: It is quite apparent that T really enjoys imaginative play and is able to accomplish this either with others or by himself. He did not partake in any imaginative play with his sister this time; however did do some imaginative play on his own pretend ing to be a gymnast who was displaying his talents for a crowd, as he bowed for people when he completed a stunt on the bars or completed a handstand. He also engaged in imaginative play with the family dog pretending she was his dragon.He also is able to talk quietly to himself while playing on his own, but does not seem to be talking to a third person or imaginary friend. VIII. Cognitive Development: T understands the concept of grouping and matching as displayed when he was putting all the same lord sour patch kids together and separating them. He also noted which ones had less in each group than the others. He let those for last. He demonstrated the ability to count from 1 to 10 and demonstrated the ability to identify primary colors. He was able to answer simple questions.He was also able to identify common objects and what they are used for; for example the family dogs ball and scissors. Discussion: Integration of behavior with theory According to Piglet's Cognitive Developmen t Theory (Beer, 201 0, p. 31 8), both children are in the operational stage (2-7), and they behave normally. They are classified as operational children, because the definition of the operational stage is as follows; ages between 2-7, preschool children use symbols to represent their early sentiments discoveries.The development of language and make-believe play takes place; however, thinking lacks the logic of the two remaining stages. T is a very active child. He has been in pre kindergarten over the last year and has been very socialized between school, extra-curricular activities, playground and playmates with friends. He is on a soccer team as well and enjoys this very much his mother says. T was quite active on the play centre this afternoon, especially on the hanging bars showing off his ability to hang upside down. He also displayed his ability to swing on the swings while standing on the swing instead of sitting on it.He is quite a daring child. He was engaging in make-belie ve play acting as though he was doing these stunts for an audience as after each stunt he would get up and bow to the imaginary audience. M was happily swinging on the swing set, petting her dog, doing somersaults in the grass and drawing in the mud with a stick. She has the ability to keep herself busy and is happy to do so. She also enjoyed make-believe play with her brother playing a sword fight. Make-believe play increases in sophistication during the pre-school years (Beer, 2010, p. 318).M used her stick as her â€Å"sword† during the sword fight and as her â€Å"magic wand† later on during the observation. This demonstrates her ability to coordinate her make-believe roles and pretend with less realistic toys (Beer, 2010, p. 318). M and T were both using the play center together happily. M fell off her swing and T went up and hit M for no reason and walked over to K, the family dog. T hugs K quite roughly and says â€Å"You're my mummy bear† and walks away. I have noted on both occasions during these observations that T displays a bit of aggression.According to Freud, play can have a cathartic effect, as children try to rid themselves of traumatic events or negative feelings through play. T asks his mother, â€Å"Mom, do you have to work today? His mother says â€Å"No, not today'. T asks â€Å"Why†? His mother answers, â€Å"Because have the day foot spend time with you and your sister†. T says, â€Å"Okay, I like that†. His language and understanding of language is well formed and has good sentence structure for his stage in development. His has no beech or grammatical issues. He asks â€Å"why† questions and understands the meaning to the answers to simple questions and answers.M told her brother â€Å"l want to be alone†. Her brother did not leave her alone. M turned to him and said, â€Å"l told you, want to be alone†! This demonstrates M's ability to verbalize her feelings and has a so lid awareness of what she is feeling and thinking and is able to share it with others readily. During the sword fight, M said â€Å"you be the sword, I will be the gun†. T did not like this role change and disagreed. M said, â€Å"No! I am the gun, you are the sword†. She continued to e a gun, which seemed to anger T and he started hitting M with his sword. M screamed and T got in trouble with his mother.M was able to assign roles; however was not able to negotiate well, which is usually indicated during the operational stage. On the play center, M was swinging on the swing and T was on the bar hanging upside down beside her. M calls T a â€Å"poppy pants†. T gets off the bar and hits her swing with his sword. M screams. T goes back to the bar. M calls T a â€Å"party pants†. T hits M's swing with the sword again. M screams again and calls out to her mom. Mom ignores this. M continues to all T a â€Å"party pants† repeatedly. T starts hitting M's s wing again, as M is screaming.This goes on for five minutes (timed). Mom finally tells T to stop and tells him that if he hits her swing one more time, his sword will be taken away. M proceeds to call T a â€Å"party pants† again. T hesitates to do anything and looks over at mom who is ignoring the situation. M continues to taunt T. Finally, T hits M's swing and M screams. It's sword is taken away. T asks mom why M is not in trouble for calling him a â€Å"party pants†. Mom does not respond and walks away. M calls T a â€Å"party pants† one last time and leaves the swing. She runs overt mom and gives her a hug and kiss and says â€Å"I love you mommy'.The mother used presentation of punishment to decrease It's undesirable behavior. The warning and punishment had a positive and negative response. The positive response was that the behavior was stopped. The negative response was that only one undesirable behavior was punished and stopped. When parents treat their children differently by directly varying amounts Of discipline to the two children, sibling relations are likely to be more conflicting and less friendly if children view these differences as unfair, which I believe T did by his reaction.I found this to be concerning, considering It's amount of aggression he displays in his make-believe play. M also showed a lack of moral reasoning and did not show that she was not aware of It's feelings. M takes her small Barbie's out her purse and other figurines and groups all the Barbie's together and all the figurines together, which displays the ability to draw appropriate inferences about these objects and shows normal categorization, as with the puzzle she was doing with her mother at the table.M and her brother pretend to hit the family dog with their swords and at times actually hit the dog. They also pretend to cut the dog up with their swords. These behaviors demonstrate animistic thinking believing that their inanimate object (sword) h as lifelike qualities and intentions. According to Pigged, because young children egocentrically assign human purposes to physical events, magical thinking is common during the preschool years, (Beer, 2010, p. 321). Conclusion I enjoyed observing these children very much.I have watched them grow and change over the last three years. I find M very animated and interesting to observe and find T very in touch with his emotions and struggles with them at times. He is very athletic and determined. The reason I chose the children's home environment is because I felt their own surroundings would be a good way to see what their normal daily routines would be and to see how they interact with family members. I found the backyard a bit limiting and would not choose this setting again.Even though I did not find it was a great setting, did manage to collect some good data. As a mother and grandmother, I did find it hard sometimes during these observations not to jump in and say something to the mother when she was ignoring certain behaviors or when her children clearly just needed some attention. So it was hard at times not to interact with the children. However, I knew I had to control that urge as my role was to observe nothing more. I have learned how to observe and evaluate a child in the operational stage.I have learned what milestones to look for and where a child between the ages of 2 to 7 should be developmentally. It gave me a better understanding to physically do the exercise rather than just reading a textbook I see the value in observing two different children, as not all children are alike in development and behavior. Ideally, a different setting for each hill would have been preferred; however this family is moving in a week and their home is full of moving boxes, so I settled for the backyard with both children.